Rashmi Jain

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyse the ocular findings in Diabetics with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) on haemodialysis and also to assess the causes of visual impairment in these patients. Materials and Methods: A retrospective, hospital-based case record analysis of 224 case records of diabetics with CKD on haemodialysis over a period of 6 years was done at a tertiary medical college hospital in South India, where 66 case records (33 eyes) sought for an ophthalmic consultation were studied. Result: In our study, male: female ratio of diabetics with CKD on haemodialysis was found to be 3:2 with a mean age of 49.33 ± 12.86 years, ranging from 22–75 years. 56.1% of the total eyes had BCVA Conclusion: Our results show that 20 patients (60.6%) out of 33 patients had sought an ophthalmic consultation prior, which means that ocular problems are associated with CKD and hence more awareness and importance of ocular examination, to screen patients for any potential visual threat so that necessary treatment and or advice can be given before they become irreversibly visually impaired. Keywords: Chronic renal disease, Diabetes, Haemodialysis, Retinopathy, Retrospective.

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Abstract

Purpose: To assess the frequency of digital eye strain (DES) among undergraduate medical students in a tertiary eye care hospital in South India and to correlate the optical correction and device usage factors with DES related symptoms. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional questionnaire based study on undergraduate medical students was done in Yenepoya medical college over the period of 2 months after obtaining ethical clearance from institutional ethics committee, the filled questionnaire was collected, data was tabulated and analysed. Result: In our study the male to female ratio was almost equal. Out of the total 120 participants, 55.83% had symptomatic DES females were more affected (53.7%). Headache was the most common symptom experienced (73.33%) followed by Dry eyes ( 63.33%), Eye strain (53.33%). 64 (84.21%) of 76 participants who used their digital devices for > 4 hours per day and, 33 (67.34%) of 49 participants who held their device approximately at < 33cm> Conclusion: DES is more prevalent in females, and higher the hours of use of digital device, greater is the risk of DES. A greater viewing distance and high contrast reduce the chances of developing DES and hence is advisable. Frequent use of habitual refractive correction is recommended with antiglare, however, prolonged use of contact lens especially in air conditioned environment should be avoided. Keywords: Asthenopia, Blurred vision, Computer vision syndrome, Digital eye strain, Questionnaire.

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Context: Study of disease and treatment pattern is a key to developing database of Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) in India.  Aim: To evaluate the pattern of ROP, timing of laser and immediate post laser complications at a tertiary care referral hospital. Study Design: A retrospective analysis of medical records of preterm babies, screened for ROP from 2008- to 2013 was performed. Materials and Methods: International classification of ROP was adopted to stage the disease. Information on various parameters including BW, GA, and stage of ROP, treatment details, chronological and post menstrual age (CA and PMA) at laser, number of sittings and immediate complications following laser were collected. Result: In total records of 233 preterm infants were reviewed. Among the babies screened, 64 (27.8%) had ROP, out of these 36 babies underwent laser ablation. In one baby with rigid pupil, intravitreal anti Vascular Endothelial Growth factor (VEGF) was given prior to laser. PMA at laser was 30- 48 weeks and the chronological age was 4-18 weeks. PMA at laser of APROP babies was 30 to 32 weeks and the CA at laser was 4 weeks. Post laser complications were recorded in 6 APROP babies. All treated eyes had a favourable outcome except in one eye disease progressed to stage 4B ROP requiring lens sparing vitrectomy. Conclusion: The study reaffirms the role of GA as the most critical factor in determining the number and severity of ROP. The study validates the need for early screening at 2 weeks. Immediate post laser complications the characteristic of APROP supports single sitting as the most convenient approach to laser. Keywords: Birth weight, Chronological age, Gestational age, Laser therapy, PMA, Preterm infant, Retinopathy of prematurity, Screening.

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