Subhashish Das

Introduction: Fine needle aspiration cytology is a cost effective and accurate method which plays an important role in pre-operative screening of various benign and malignant lesions in different organs. Various rapid stains are available which are used for rapid diagnosis on fine needle aspirates, but, most cyto-pathologists prefer stains which gives crisp cytological & nuclear features which can be achieved by 95% ethanol fixed PAP stain. Aim: To assess the efficacy of MUFP stain in various tissue aspirates and to compare the results of MUFP stain with conventional PAP stain. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was done by staining two slides with conventional PAP and MUFP stain which were assessed and scored. Results: The Quality index of MUFP stain for lymph node, thyroid, breast salivary gland and soft tissue was 0.88, 0.87, 0.88, 0.86 respectively and Quality Index for PAP stain was 0.84, 0.75, 0.79, 0.90 and 0.92 respectively. Conclusion: MUFP stain stained smears showed a clear background with crisp nuclear features as compared to conventional PAP stain. Thus MUFP stain can be considered as a rapid, reliable and can be used as a routine cytological stain on FNA smears with locally available reagents with unequivocal morphology. Keywords: Fine needle aspiration, PAP stain, Modified ultrafast papanicolaoustain (MUFP).

Introduction: Pancytopenia is a common hematological problem characterized by anemia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia. It is a striking feature of many serious and life threatening illnesses. The disease pattern varies in different population groups, in age pattern, nutritional status and prevalence of infective disorder. Present study was conducted to assess the etiology, clinical profile and bone marrow morphology of pancytopenia. Objectives: 1. To study the clinical presentations and hematological parameters in patients with pancytopenia. 2. To study the morphological pattern in bone marrow in patients with pancytopenia. Materials and Methods: A two year study was conducted in department of Pathology, Sri Devaraj Urs medical college, Kolar, Karnataka. Total 70 pancytopenia patients were studied to determine their presenting symptoms and signs, peripheral blood smear study and bone marrow morphology. Results: Bone marrow study showed 48.5% hypercellular marrow, 32.8% normocellular and 18.7% hypocellular marrow. Females (55.7%) were affected more than males (44.2%) and the commonest cause for pancytopenia was megaloblastic anemia (51.4%), followed by iron deficiency anemia (37.1%), viral infections (4.2%), leukemia (1.4%), MDS (2.8%), pure red cell aplasia (1.4%), hereditary elliptocytosis (1.4%). Conclusion: Large number of patients with pancytopenia had reversible etiology. Hence complete work up including clinical details with hematological examination along with bone marrow study will lead to early and proper diagnosis of case followed by proper treatment. Keywords: Pancytopenia, Megaloblastic anemia.

Introduction: Carcinoma Cervix is considered to be leading cancer amongst women. Periodic Papanicolaou Smears (PAP) screening is the simplest way to diagnosed precancerous lesion. Factor such as ignorance, poverty, poorly developed public health care delivery system put women in urban slums at a disadvantage of receiving any health screening activity. Aim: To know the prevalence of epithelial cell abnormalities of the cervix among the patient of various age groups. Materials and methods: PAP smear collected during cervical cancer screening at R L Jalappa hospital and research center between January 2018 and June 2018 were retrieved from the laboratory records of hospital. 1596 PAP smear results were collected and analyzed with SPSS version 22.40(2.5%) reports were excluded from analysis. Results: 1092 cases (68.4%) had normal findings. 11 women required multiple PAP smears examination. Conclusion: In India, lack of awareness, cultural barriers and economic factors prevent women from obtaining health services. Hence, a regular Pap screening programme is very much essential to detect the pathological changes of the cervix. In this study there were 92 cases (2.04%) of abnormal epithelial lesions. About 62% of the total cases were above 30 years. Here LSIL was most common epithelial lesion followed by HSIL and then ASCUS. Clinical Significance: Women initiate cervical cancer screening late in their life which could be the reason for higher incidence of cervical epithelial abnormalities in later age groups. Keywords: Cervical smear, PAP Stain, LSIL.

Objective: To perform imprint cytology of operable breast masses and evaluate its accuracy in relation to histopathological diagnosis after H &E staining and to perform frozen section on operable breast masses and evaluate its accuracy after histopathological diagnosis with H &E staining. Materials and Methods: A total of 82 surgically resected specimens were examined by both imprint cytology and frozen section and compared with histopathological sections which were considered as gold standard. Results: Out of 82 cases 4 taken were inadequate. Total 78 cases subjected to imprint cytology which diagnosed all 43 benign lesions correctly and out of 35 malignant lesions 29 were diagnosed correctly with 6 FN results and no FP results were seen. Imprint cytology showed sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 100%, 82.86% and 92.31% frozen section diagnosed all 43 benign lesions correctly and out of 35 malignant lesions 33 were correctly diagnosed with 2 FN results and no FP results were seen. Frozen section showed sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 100%, 94.29% and 97%. Correlation of both imprint and frozen section alone showed 45 benign lesions and out of 33 malignant lesions 29 were correctly diagnosed with 4 FN results and no FP results were seen. Imprint cytology and frozen section combined efficacy showed sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 91.84%, 100% and 94.87%. Final correlation of both imprint cytology and frozen section with HPE showed significant association. Conclusion: FS is superior to imprint cytology when compared with gold standard HPE in intraoperative diagnosis of breast mass lesions. Keywords: Frozen section, Imprint cytology, Breast.

Introduction: In order to increase the sensitivity of the routine PAP test, a new test was introduced called the CAP-PAP test. In this test, lysosomal enzyme and cervical acid phosphatase (CAP) enzyme are labeled with conventional PAP test which will help in detecting abnormal squamous cells of cervix. This enzyme can be used as a biomarker for cervical dysplasia when CAP positivity is detected inside abnormal squamous cells of cervix and can also be used as a surrogate in detection of CIN. Aims: To perform CAP-PAP and PAP staining on cervical smears. To compare CAP-PAP results with PAP results and correlate with cervical histopathology reports. Methods and Materials: 150 females undergoing cervical cancer screening at OBG Department, of our institute were studied. Two cervical smears each were collected from all patients for PAP and CAP-PAP staining. The results were compared and correlated with respective histopathology reports.| Statistical Analysis Used: Chi-square test, Kappa statistics, P value of Results: 75 PAP positive cases out of which 34 were LSIL, 17 were HSIL, 13 were ASCUS, 9 were ASC-H, and 2 were SCC cases. In the remaining 75 PAP negative smears, 38 cases were inflammatory smears and 37 cases were of NLIM smears. Among the PAP positive cases, CAP-PAP results were similar to PAP results in all the LSIL, HSIL, ASCUS, ASC-H and SCC cases. Among the PAP negative cases, CAP-PAP was negative in all the 37 NILM cases, but of the 38 inflammatory cases, CAP-PAP was negative in 30 cases but was positive in 8 cases. CAP-PAP results had good agreement with PAP results and correlated well with histopathology results. Conclusion: CAP positivity is identified by presence of res granules in abnormal squamous cells which helps in its early detection. In screening of cervical cancer on a large scale. CAP PAP acts as a quick and efficient method. The test promises a great future in health centers as the technicians can be easily trained for identification of abnormal cells. A large trial is requires before widespread use of CAP-PAP staining can be recommended in routine clinical practice. Keywords: Cervical cancer, Cytology, Cervical acid phosphatase, Screening.