Devinder Kumar Vohra

Abstract

Literature from Indian studies showed a threefold rise in the prevalence of diabetes in rural as well as urban areas and India may become the diabetic capital of the world in near future. Patients suffering from type 2 DM have more risk of developing vascular diseases because of changes in lipid profile. Diabetic dyslipidemia is more atherogenic and is characterised by increase in serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), or both, or decrease in serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Dyslipidemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and is modifiable. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia in newly-diagnosed patients of type-2 diabetes mellitus. In the study, 100 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients were included as cases and 100 non-diabetic subjects were included as controls. Blood samples were collected from the subjects of both the study and control groups and were analyzed for fasting and post-prandial plasma glucose, HbA1c, TC, TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C. 84% of cases had dyslipidemia whereas only 52% of controls were found to have dyslipidemia and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, HbA1c (Glycosylated haemoglobin), Fasting blood glucose, Dyslipidemia, Triglycerides, High density lipoprotein-cholesterol.

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Abstract

Introduction: There is increase in prevalence of metabolic syndrome in younger population in India. Epicardial fat is one of the components of visceral adipose tissue. There is little evidence to suggest that the extent of epicardial fat is strongly related to overall adiposity. The relationship between epicardial fat and metabolic syndrome is still unexplored. Hence the hypothesis of the study is to evaluate whether epicardial adipose tissue is related to anthropometric, clinical and biochemical parameters of metabolic syndrome. Materials and Methods: The present study is a case control study which included 66 subjects- 33 cases (patients who fulfilled the NCEP ATP III criteria for metabolic syndrome) and 33 Controls. Detailed clinical history and physical examination (including blood pressure, height, weight, waist/hip circumference) along with biochemical examination (blood glucose, HbA1C, HOMA IR, serum insulin levels, fasting lipid profile) was done. Each subject underwent transthoracic two dimensional M-mode echocardiogram in left lateral decubitus position on Philips Sonos 5500 echocardiography machine to evaluate epicardial fat thickness. Results: In our study we found a strong positive correlation between the epicardial fat thickness and the following parameters in patients of metabolic syndrome: BMI: r = 0.52, p =0.02; HOMA IR; r = 0.58, p =< 0.001; FPG; r = 0.79, p =< 0.00; HbA1c, r = 0.59, p =<0.001; Triglyceride levels; r = 0.75, p =< 0.001. Conclusion: Our study show a positive correlation with body mass index, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose HBA1c, HOMA IR and Serum triglyceride level with epicardial fat thickness. We suggest that echocardiographic epicardial adipose tissue could be applied as an easy and reliable imaging indicator of cardiometabolic risk. Keywords: Epicardial fat, Metabolic syndrome, HOMA IR.

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