Vedavati B.I

Abstract

Introduction: Skin grafting is done to restore the skin integrity for large surface wounds. Grafts are susceptible to a variety of infections leading to graft failure. The present study was undertaken to analyse the causative agents of skin graft infection and to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on a 60 patients who were undergoing skin grafting at a plastic surgery unit in a tertiary health care centre for 9 months duration. A total of 180 swabs were collected, 3 from each patient. Organisms were identified by standard conventional methods. The antibiotic sensitivity testing of the isolates was done by Kirby Bauer’s Disk Diffusion method according to CLSI guidelines. Results: All the samples collected at the time of admission showed the growth. Pseudomonas species (50%) followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis (16.7%), Staphylococcus aureus (16.7%) are the predominate organisms isolated. Most of the samples collected preoperatively showed no growth (about 73.3%), the rest showed growth of Staphylococcus aureus (10%) followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis (6.7%) and others. About 16.7% samples collected postoperatively showed no growth and remaining samples showed predominately growth of Pseudomonas spp. (40%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (23.3%) and others. Conclusion: The study revealed that most of the samples showed bacterial growth which can potentially result in graft rejection. Most of these bacteria were resistant to many antibiotics. So, it is crucial to determine causative bacteria and their antibiotic sensitivity profiles, which helps in preventing over all infection related graft rejection. Keywords: Antibiotic sensitivity, Graft rejection, Pseudomonas spp, Skin grafting, Staphylococcus aureus.

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Abstract

Introduction: Healthcare associated infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality among hospitalized patients. Bacterial flora on hands of nursing staff act as a potential source for health care associated infections. Study of bacterial flora on hands of HCWs and knowing the importance of hand hygiene will play important role in preventing health care associated infections. Present study was undertaken to isolate aerobic bacterial flora on the hands of nursing staff, to study the antibiogram of isolates and to create awareness among the health care provider regarding hand hygiene. Materials and Methods: Present study was done over a period of three months. After obtaining informed consent, swabs collected from the hands of nurses working in critical areas of hospital and subjected to bacterial culture. Organisms were identified by standard conventional methods. The antibiotic sensitivity testing of the isolates was done by Kirby Bauer’s Disk Diffusion method according to CLSI guidelines. Result: Of 100 samples studied, 73(73%) samples showed the growth. Among them 36(49.31%) samples grown pathogenic bacteria, 27(36.98%) samples grown pathogenic bacteria along with probable contaminant non-pathogenic bacteria, 10(13.68%) samples showed only contaminant non-pathogenic bacteria. Among 63 pathogenic bacteria Gram positive bacteria predominate over Gram negative bacteria. Gram positive isolates were Staphylococcus aureus 20(31.7%), CONS 27(42.8%) and Gram negative isolates Klebsiella spp. 6(9.5%) followed by Pseudomonas spp. 4(6.3%) were predominated. Among Staphylococcus aureus 10(50%) isolates were found to be Methicillin resistant. Conclusion: Awareness should be created among HCWs about significance of hand hygiene to prevent HCAIs. Keywords: Bacterial flora, Hand hygiene, Healthcare associated infections, Healthcare worker, Pathogenic bacteria.

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Abstract

Introduction: Neonatal sepsis is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality among the newborns in the developing countries. For the effective management of neonatal sepsis, knowledge about causative agent and antibiotic sensitivity pattern play a vital role. Present study was undertaken to analyze the various risk factors of bacterial sepsis, to isolate aerobic bacteria causing neonatal septicemia and to study the antibiogram of bacterial isolates. Material and Methods: Study was done over a period of one year. 198 clinically suspected cases of neonatal septicemia were included in the study. Detailed record of various predisposing neonatal factors were noted in a pro-forma. Blood samples from the neonates were subjected to aerobic blood cultures. The identification of the causative organism was carried out by standard identification tests and antibiotic sensitivity testing was done as per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Results: Of 198 neonates studied, predisposing factors for neonatal sepsis were mainly low birth-weight and preterm. Blood cultures were positive in 128(64.64%) cases. Predominant organisms isolated were Staphylococcus aureus (54.7%) and Klebsiella spp. (14.1%). Among Staphylococcus aureus, 43(61.42%) isolates were MRSA and most of them were sensitive only to vancomycin and linezolid. Most of the MSSA were sensitive to cotrimoxazole, clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin, linezolid. Most of the Gram negative bacilli were sensitive to imipenem, piperacillin–tazobactam and amikacin. Conclusion: For the effective management of neonatal sepsis continued surveillance is mandatory for each center due to temporal changes in the causative organisms and their antibiotic susceptibility. Keywords: Bacteriological Profile, Neonatal Septicemia, Risk Factors, Antibiogram and Blood Culture.

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