Prithpal S Matreja

Abstract

Cosmetic procedures are related to age, gender, relationship status, body weight (body mass index- BMI) & body image satisfaction. There has been an increasing focus on the body as a vehicle for identity and self expression, with greater recognition of the role of appearance and the desire for self improvement. Psychosocial factors are important motivators in cosmetic surgery. Body dysmorphic disorder like symptoms, personality, interpersonal attachment, insecurity, low self esteem, social acceptance of cosmetic surgery and low level of physical activity would relate to an interest in cosmetic procedures. This study was conducted on volunteers for 2 months from May to August 2014. Participants aged 18 to 30 years of both genders who were willing to give informed consent were included in this study. People not complying with the protocol and not willing to give informed consent were excluded out. A total of 1000 people were included in the study after signing the informed consent. The results show that females have more anxiety/ depression regarding their looks. So they prefer more to cosmetic procedures as compared to males as more females think that cosmetic procedure can improve their looks. BDSS is more in females as compared to the males. Rest of the results were statistically insignificant. Keywords: Dysmorphic disorder, Psychosocial.

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Abstract

Introduction: Hypertension is a global health challenge and responsible for about 12.8 percent of the total of all global deaths due to cardiovascular diseases. The prevention of cardiovascular disease requires long term adherence to antihypertensive medication. Studies have shown that over half of all hypertensive patients do not take any treatment and there is requirement of efforts on all levels to increase the adherence.  Data on adherence to medication in patients suffering from hypertension is lacking hence we designed this study to assess the adherence to medication in patients suffering from hypertension. Materials and Method: This observational, cross-sectional study was conducted participants suffering from hypertension for the past 12 months and on treatment. A detailed history, thorough medical examination, and counselling for life style modifications was done on all participants enrolled. The patients were given questionnaire of Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8 (MMAS-8) and WHO-QOL Bref to be filled up the questionnaire in a separate room.  Results: A total of 152 patients participated in the study with mean number of medication used being 1.68±0.79/person, 74% of patients were taking combination of drugs and mean MMAS-8 Score was 4.30±1.07. The participants were subdivided into two groups, Group 1 (on single medication) and Group 2 (on two or more medications). Group 1 had significantly higher MMAS-8 scores and better quality of life. Conclusion: Patients’ on single medication had significantly better adherence, slightly better quality of life and better adherence correlation as compared to patients on more than two medications. Keywords: Hypertension, Adherence, Quality of life, Medication

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