Dilip N R Kumar

Abstract

Background: Psoriaisis is a common papulosquamous condition seen by the dermatologists. It can involve the skin and nails. There are many sub types of Psoriasis with various clinical, histopathological and dermoscopic features. In this study we intend to study the epidemiological, clinical, histopathological and dermoscopic features of Chronic Plaque Psoriasis (CPP). Materials and Methods : A total of 45 patients of CPP, above the age of 18 years who qualified the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. A proforma of epidemiological details was noted, clinical and dermoscopic examination of the lesions were done. The punch biopsy specimens of cutaneous lesions were subjected to histopathological examination and the findings noted. Results: Out of the 45 patients included in the study, 31 were males and 14 females with a ratio of 2.21:1. The commonest symptom at presentation was flaking of skin and the most common site of involvement was trunk. On dermoscopic examination, dotted vessels and white scales were seen in all the patients. Hyperkeratosis, Parakeratosis, Acanthosis, Munro’s microabscess, Hypogranulosis were the significant histopathological features. Conclusion: Psoriasis is more common in young adults and shows a male preponderance. Presence of dotted vessels in a regular distribution on dermoscopy is classical of CPP. Hyperkeratosis, Hypogranulosis and Munro’s microabscess are notable features of histopathology of LP.   Keywords: Psoriasis, Dermoscopy, Dotted vessels, Munro’s microabscess

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Background: Androgenetic Alopecia is predetermined genetic disorder which is also know as Pattern Hair loss occurs due to excessive response to androgens. Hair loss in women often has a greater mental impact because it’s less socially acceptable for them and it affects severely women’s emotional well-being and quality of life. So this is paper focuses on the treatment procedure and its vast analysis on effectiveness in curing this disorder permanently. Critical Discussion: This paper has covered the epidemiological aspect along with focused on the early signs and symptoms of Androgenetic Alopecia. It have also stated the causes of this disorder. The objective of this paper was to analyze the treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia along with its effectiveness. Conclusions and Recommendations: Since there have been very little advancement in the treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia for last 30 years. But with recent investigation of JAK inhibitors, our future could be changed with permanent cure. Conclusions and Recommendations: Based on our systematic review and evaluation we recommend that physicians should prescribe the pharmacological drugs, which includes Minoxidil, Finasteride and Dutasteride as first line of therapies for the treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia.   Keywords: Androgenetic Alopecia, Pattern hair loss

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Background: Hansen’s disease (also known as leprosy) is an infection caused by Mycobacterium leprae which can affect the skin, mucous membranes and nerves. It is known to spread among and infect family members. There are very few published studies pertaining to family leprosy conducted in India and worldwide. Aim: To find the prevalence of familial leprosy and to know the clinicoepidemiological patterns of these cases. Settings and Design: Observational study. Material and Methods: This was a descriptive study conducted for a period of five years from 2013-2018. The study population included all new documented cases of leprosy visiting our out-patient department during the study period. All the patients were diagnosed as leprosy on histopathological confirmation or by the presence of cardinal signs of leprosy according to the world health organization (WHO) definition. The data collected was analysed by simple descriptive statistics. Permission to conduct the study was taken from institutional ethical committee. Consent was taken from index case and family members. Results: A total of 302 new leprosy cases with 18 index cases (n=18) whose family members were affected, accounting for the prevalence of 5.96 %. Total number of family members with documented leprosy (old or newly detected) was 26. So, the total number of leprosy cases were 44 (index cases + family members). Out of the 18 families, 4 families had more than one person who was affected. 8 cases (18.18%) of Childhood leprosy were noted. Among the index cases 4 cases (22%) of paucibacillary leprosy were seen and 14 cases (78%) of multibacillary leprosy was seen. Among the family members, 18 cases of paucibacillary leprosy were seen and 8 cases of multibacillary leprosy were seen. Conjugal leprosy was seen in 10 families accounting for the prevalence of 3.31%. Conclusion: Our study intends to emphasize the importance of examining the close contacts of a case of leprosy, especially the family members in whom the incidence of leprosy could be very high. By way of identifying leprosy cases early in its course we may be able to prevent deformities to a great extent. Keywords: Leprosy, Familial leprosy, Childhood leprosy, Conjugal leprosy

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Background: The Indian dermatologists are witnessing an epidemic of sorts when it comes to superficial dermatophytosis cases in the last decade. At the receiving end of this epidemic are the patients who are suffering due to impaired quality of life. We tried to assess the impact of tinea on quality of life (QoL) of the patients. Aim: To assess the impact of superficial dermatosis on quality of life using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) questionnaire. Settings and Design: Cross-sectional, Observational study. Material and Methods: All patients between the age group of 18 to 70 years presenting with superficial dermatophytosis of more than 3 weeks duration were included after confirming the diagnosis with KOH mount. The patients filled in the DLQI after which scores were calculated and the effect on QoL was assessed. Results: Out of the 170 patients included in the study, majority of them (77, 45.3%) felt that tinea had a very large effect on their QoL and a very few patients (7, 4.1%) felt that tinea had a small effect on their QoL. Out of the 36 (21.2%) patients who felt that their condition had an extremely large effect on their QoL, majority of the patients had tinea corporis et cruris et faciei. Conclusion: Superficial dermatophytosis has a very large effect on the Quality of Life of the patients and it impacts their lives adversely leading to psychological, social and financial problems. Keywords: DLQI, Quality of Life, Superficial dermatophytosis, Tinea.

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