Riti P. Dixit

Abstract

Introduction: Mycobacterial dermal lesions pose diagnostic challenge and require histopathological examination for confirmation. Granuloma is an important histopathological feature present in most of the mycobacterial dermal lesions. Multiple etiologies can produce an identical histopathological picture. The present study was undertaken with the objective to study the spectrum of mycobacterial dermal lesions, their etiologies and their incidence in this geographical area. Materials and Methods: This present study was carried out in Department of Pathology G.K General Hospital, Bhuj for a period of one year. A total of 50 cases mycobacterial dermal lesions of all etiologies are included in the present study. Hematoxylin and eosin stain was routinely done on all cases. Special stains like Ziehl-Neelsen, Fite Faraco, Periodic acid–Schiff stain were done whenever required. Conclusion: Histopathology is gold standard to diagnose mycobacterial dermal lesions. Along with it, the clinical presentation of the patient is also very important in elucidating the exact etiology. Keywords: Necrotizing Granuloma, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium leprae.

View Article

Abstract

Introduction: Cervical carcinoma is one of the leading malignancies affecting the women of India. Since the Papanicolaou(Pap) test can very effectively detect the prolonged phase of carcinoma in situ, current policy suggests that all women should have this test done at regular intervals. Monitoring cytohistological discrepancies is a useful quality assurance tool in cytology laboratory. Cervical cancer has been successfully reduced by routine screening and medical intervention. Aims and objectives: This present study was done to study the prevalence of cytohistological discrepancy in histologically proven cases of carcinoma cervix and to identify the causes for false negativity in the cytological examination in histologically proven cases of carcinoma cervix. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Mahatma Gandhi Institute o f Medical Sciences, Sevagram, Maharashtra. This study was done on 209 biopsy proven cases of carcinoma cervix over a period of two years. The original cytological diagnosis of smears available in these cases were co-related with the biopsy results. Results: In the pre-review, in 80.3% cases the diagnosis of carcinoma was rendered on initial screening in cytology. Cytohistological discrepancies were observed in 19.6% accounting for a false negative rate of 19.6% and a false negative fraction 0.196 %. After post review, the false negative rate reduced to 11.62% and the frequency of the different types of errors were calculated. Conclusion: The level of agreement between cytology and the histology diagnosis may be used as a measure of laboratory quality. To the best of our knowledge, data on factors associated with cytohistologic discrepancy in Pap smear are limited. Therefore, we conducted this study to evaluate the factors associated with cytohistologic discrepancy in Pap smears and to determine the rate of cytohistologic discrepancy and ways to reduce the false negatives. Keywords: Carcinoma cervix, False negatives, Rescreening.

View Article

Abstract

Introduction: Carcinoma of the breast is the leading cause of death in women due to malignancy. Approximately 1,000,000 cases occur worldwide annually. Evaluation of the breast masses is of utmost important for its timely management. Fine needle aspiration cytology is a simple and reliable diagnostic method. The present study aim ED to determine the diagnostic efficacy of the fine needle aspiration cytology along with evaluating the causes of false negative and false positive in breast cytology. Materials and Methods: The present retrospective study was conducted in G K General Hospital, Bhuj for a period of one year. Cases in which follow up histopathology was available were only included in the present study. A total 52 cases were included in the study. Results: Fine needle aspiration cytology findings and histopathology diagnoses were correlated. Statistical analysis was done. Out of the 52 cases, only one false positive and one false negative case was found. Hence, the sensitivity of the study was 98% and the positive predictive value was also 98%. Conclusion: Fine needle aspiration cytology is a reliable diagnostic method to evaluate the breast masses. A high sensitivity and a high positive predictive value proved that a positive fine needle aspiration cytology in the breast correlates very well with the corresponding final histopathology reports. Keywords: Fine needle aspiration cytology, Sensitivity, Positive predictive value.

View Article