Umamaheswari Karuppanan

Abstract

Introduction: Salivary gland lesions exhibit a wide spectrum of clinical and morphological diversity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relative frequencies, types, site, distribution and histomorphological features of salivary gland lesions. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study for a period of two years was done on 40 cases of salivary gland lesions in the department of pathology at KAPV medical college, Trichy a Tertiary care centre. Cases were analysed based on demographics, anatomical locations and histopathological types. Specimens were fixed in 10% formalin, processed and embedded in paraffin. Sections were stained by hematoxylin and eosin. Histopathological examination was done by microscopy. Special immunohistochemical stains were used for certain rare cases of interest. Results: Out of 40 cases, 35 cases (87.5%) were neoplastic and 5 cases (12.5%) were non neoplastic. The mean age of presentation was 38.925 (13-67yrs) with equal gender distribution. Regarding the site distribution, Parotid was the common site for location of salivary tumours (18 cases, 45%). Most common benign tumour was pleomorphic adenoma (22 cases, 78.5%) followed by basal cell adenoma (4 cases, 14.2%). Among malignant tumours, mucoepidermoid carcinoma ranks the first (4 cases, 57.1%). One case of Acinic cell carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma with dedifferentiation, and a rare recently described variant mammary analogue secretory carcinoma were also observed. Conclusion: Histopathology remains the gold standard for diagnosing salivary gland lesions. They have broad morphological spectrum and overlaps between tumour types. Immunohistochemistry serves as an adjunct tool to support histopathological diagnosis. It helps in planning treatment protocols to reduce morbidity and mortality. Keywords: Salivary neoplasms, Dedifferentiated adenoid cystic carcinoma, Mammary analogue secretory carcinoma.

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Abstract

Aim: To determine the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in subjects with anaemia and elevated mean corpuscular volume. Materials and Methods: Blood samples from 119 subjects were selected for the study based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria laid down. Blood samples were analysed on sysmex KX 21 haematology analyser. Morphological evaluation of blood cells was done on peripheral blood smear. Serum vitamin B 12 assays were done. Qualitative and quantitative variables were analysed by statistical methods. Results: Out of 119 subjects taken for study 70 (58.8 %) were male and 49 (41.2 %) were female with mean age ± SD 40.5± 18. Vitamin B 12 deficiency was noted in 82 (69 %) of which 12 (10.1%) were in Borderline levels of deficiency, 31 (26.1%) were in deficient levels and 39 (32.8%) were in severely deficient group. Red blood cell indices were categorized as per different groups of vitamin B 12 levels. Pancytopenia was noted in 67.1% (54) of B 12 deficient individuals. Significant negative correlation was found between vitamin B 12 levels and mean corpuscular volume (r = - 0.215 .p = 0.019). A positive correlation was found between vitamin B12 and platelet count. (p= < 0.001) and also with leukocyte counts (p value < 0.001) These correlations were found to be statistically significant. Peripheral blood film examination shows macrocytosis in 76 (64%) smears and hypersegmented neutrophils in 66 (56%) smears. Keywords: Vitamin B 12 deficiency, prevalence, Megaloblastic anaemia, Pancytopenia, Mean corpuscular volume.

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