Nitin Pandey

Abstract

Multimedia and 3-D animation is an emerging field to enhance deeper understanding and spatial knowledge in medical education. This interesting technology could be used in both horizontal and vertical integration of medical education. By using 3-D software we model, render and compile medical topics by integrating anatomy, biochemistry and physiology along with applied aspect, which are being used for enhancing the understanding of both undergraduate and post graduate students. By using one of such topic on Pathophysiology of jaundice, we have shown that group who was taught with 3-D animation technology has performed better than the group who was taught with routine power point presentation (p- 0.006). Feedback from students also showed that 3-D animation is useful learning aid and improves their spatial ability. 3-D animation appears to be promising upcoming tool in medical education. Keywords: 3D animation, Learning, Integration, Medical education.

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Abstract

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as impaired glucose tolerance that is discovered during pregnancy. It is associated with both maternal and various fetal and neonatal mobidity. Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus ranges from 3.8% to 17.8% in various studies done in different regions of Indian subcontinent. It has been observed in follow-up studies that both mother and child is more susceptible to develop type 2 diabetes mellitus later in life. Some studies have shown that pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and GDM has many similar features and also observed that candidate genes involved in pathogenesis of type 2 DM might have role in pathogenesis of GDM. GDM is potentially induced by several etiologic factors such as genetic and environmental. Family, twins and trans-generational studies have provided evidence that GDM is heritable in some case. There is ample chance to develop GDM in subsequent pregnancies. In this review we will discuss the role of genes regulating insulin secretion ie KCNQ1 and two gene involved in insulin resistance and inflammatory processes ie Leptin and PPAR?2.   Keywords: Gestational diabetes mellitus, Type 2 Diabetes mellitus, Insulin resistance, Leptin, polymorphism

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