Suman Sen

Abstract

Ultrasonography is used to view internal body structures and organs. Ultrasonic images, also known as sonograms that are produced by sending pulses of ultrasound into tissue through the use of a probe, which carries a transducer containing material that produces a piezoelectric effect. The lower the frequency, the higher the penetration of tissues but the lower the potential image resolution. Intraoral USG makes it possible to visualize oral cavity organs, such as the sublingual gland and the submandibular duct, tongue, lips, tonsils, and soft palate, which are virtually impossible to image via conventional USG. Keywords: Ultrasound, Sound waves, Hyperthermia, Acoustic cavitation.

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Abstract

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) constitute of different zinc containing enzymes which break down specific extracellular matrix components destroying matrix equilibrium and structural integrity. MMPs have multiple different actions in tissues. MMPs are mainly produced by multiple host cells like fibroblasts, inflammatory cells,epithelial cells. Balance between the production of MMPs and its inhibitors are essential to maintain the normal physiologic structure of host tissues. Overproduction of MMPs might lead to pathological conditions. Though MMPs are secreted less in quantity, it can be an useful biomarker for the detection and to know progression of periodontal diseases. Keywords: Matrix metalloproteinases, Extracellular Matrix, Periodontal Disease, Biomarker

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