Pooja H V

Purpose: To assess color vision abnormalities in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and associated risk factors. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted for 3 months. Patients who is a known case of type 2 diabetes mellitus who presented to our OPD were included in our study. All patients underwent complete ophthalmologic examination which included visual acuity, color vision assessment using Pseudoisochromatic Ishihara chart, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, IOP and fundoscopy. Statistical analyses were performed using the statistical software SPSS for Windows, ver. 16.0. The results were expressed as mean standard deviation if the variables were continuous and as percentages if categorical. Results: The prevalence of color vision abnormalities among diabetics and associated risk factors was assessed. Conclusion: Various studies have been done to know the color vision abnormalities. We evaluated on the associated risk factors as well. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Diabetic retinopathy.  

Purpose: To find out the association of various systemic disorder with pseudoexfoliative syndrome. Materials and Methods: 67 patients aged between 50-80 years who presented to our OPD and diagnosed as pseudoexfoliative cataract from July 2018 to April 2019 were included in our study. Written informed consent was taken from all the participants. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), slit lamp examination (SLE), fundoscopy was done in all. Along with these complete blood count, FBS, PPBS, echo, ECG and chest x-ray was done. The data was analysed using SPSS version 17.0. Results were expressed as mean, frequency and percentage. Results: Out of 67 patients, 17 patients (25.37)% had Diabetes mellitus, 10 patients had hypertension, 2 patients had IHD and one COPD. Conclusion: Our study shows more association with the diabetes mellitus. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Hypertension, Pseudoexfoliation.

Purpose: To correlate dry eye status with the duration for which the patient has been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and severity of retinopathy. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was done involving 384 patients aged above 45 years with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus of duration more than 5years. A detailed history was taken and ocular and systemic examination was done. Diabetic retinopathy changes graded according to ETDRS classification. Dry eye status was evaluated with TBUT, Schirmer’s test, Fluorescein and issamine green staining of ocular surface and graded as mild, moderate and severe dry eye. Diagnosis was established by positivity of one or more of the tests. Results: The prevalence of dry eye among the diabetics was found to be 19%. Out of them, 93.15% had mild dry eye and 6.85% had moderate dry eye. The prevalence of mild dry eye was 42.86% in those who had DM for more than 20 years duration. The prevalence of mild dry eye among PDR was found to be 66.67%. Conclusion: There was statistically significant positive correlation between the dry eye and duration of diabetes and severity of retinopathy. Early treatment of dry eye should be initiated in dry eye positive individuals in order to prevent potential corneal complications. Keywords: Dry eye, Diabetes, Diabetic retinopathy, Schirmer test.

Purpose: To evaluate the cytological changes in conjunctiva in computer users and a control group. Materials and Methods: 28 eyes of an age and sex matched control group were studied by conjunctival impression cytology (CIC). Written informed consent was taken from all the participants. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), slit lamp examination (SLE), fundoscopy, Schirmer test, TBUT, CIC was done in all. H& E staining was carried out on the cellulose acetate strips and morphological changes in epithelial cells, nucleocytoplasmic ratio and goblet cell density were looked into and graded according to Nelson grading.3 The data was analysed using SPSS version 16.0. Results were expressed as frequency and percentage. Means of groups were compared using t-tests. Results: Mean age (in years) in computer users was 24.42 ± 2.18; controls 23.25 ± 2.36 (p= 0.632). Out of 14 participants in each group (28 eyes in each) 15 were males and 13 were females. There was no significant difference with respect to sex in both the groups. Computer users showed CIC results between grade 2 to 3.Whereas control group showed grade 0 and 1. Conclusion: Dry eye was more common in computer users and we found more CIC changes in them. Keywords: Impression cytology, Computer users, Dry eye.

Purpose: To evaluate the surgical and visual outcome of manual small incision cataract surgery in patients with posterior polar cataract. Material and Methods:A prospective study was conducted from June 2018 to August 2018. 26 eyes of 26 patients underwent surgery at our hospital were included in our study. All patients underwent complete ophthalmologic examination which included visual acuity, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, IOP and fundoscopy. Patients with complicated cataract, glaucoma, corneal opacity/ degeneration, retinal pathology were excluded. Patients were scheduled for manual SICS. Informed consent was obtained from all the patients. Results:26 eyes of 26 patients were included in the study. There were 19 males (73.07%) and 7 females (26.92%). The mean age was 53.5 (range 37-70) years. The most common intraoperative complication was posterior capsule rupture, seen in 3 eyes (11.53%). The intraocular lenses were implanted in the sulcus in those 3 patients and rest in the bag implantation was done.1 eye needed anterior vitrectomy. The mean visual acuity improved significantly after surgery. Conclusion: Posterior polar cataract is a great challenge for cataract surgeons. The visual outcome is good if done carefully with proper technique advised for PPC. Keyword:PPC, PCR, Vitrectomy

Purpose: Our aim was to compare the accuracy of intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation with two techniques namely optical biometry based on partial coherence laser interferometry (PCLI) principle and conventional ultrasound biometry. Materials and Methods: A comparative study was done in our hospital wherein 100 eyes of 100 patients undergoing phacoemulsification cataract surgery were recruited into it. Out of them, 50 eyes underwent optical biometry and 50 eyes underwent conventional applanation ultrasound biometry. Eyes were grouped according to axial length into long (>24.50), normal (22 to Results: The MAE calculated was 0.60 +/- 0.40D and 0.20+/- 0.30D with the conventional applanation ultrasound and optical biometry respectively. It was found that the optical biometry gives more accurate values for eyeball with small and large axial length. Conclusion: The optical biometry parameters which uses the partial coherence laser interferometry (PCLI) principle happens to be the more precise method in IOL power calculation. Keywords: Axial length, Optical, Partial coherence laser interferometry, Ultrasound A scan.