Khushnood Sheikh

Abstract

Introduction: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a disorder seen in preterm babies. ROP is a potentially preventable cause of irreversible total blindness in premature infants. Recent advancements in neonatal care have led to an increase in the survival of low birth weight infants, resulting in a rise of ROP incidence. Globally, ROP is estimated to affect more than 50,000 infants annually. In India, every year, 500 children are estimated to become blind from ROP. If left untreated it can be a third epidemic which can be prevented by appropriate screening. Objectives: To find the prevalence of ROP To identify the risk factors for ROP. Materials and Methods: Reterospective study analysis was done for 2.5 years at tertiary care hospital where after taking permission from institutional ethical committee 293 babies were enrolled in this study who were referred from paediatrician as per the standard guidelines of “Rashtriya Bal swasthya karyakram”. All babies were dilated with combination drops of Tropicamide 0.8%w/v and Phenylephrine hydrochloride 5%w/v. All the high risk term babies and preterm babies( were examined 4 weeks postpartum and babies with

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Background: Refractive error is most common cause of avoidable blindness and affects large proportion of school students. It has become hurdle for educational lost which leads to long term consequences of nation’s economic loss. Hence, visual screening of children on commencement of school will help in early detection of refractive error with better life and empowerment to children in future. Aim and Objective: To identify magnitude of types of refractive errors, amblyopia and congenital anomalies in school going children Material and Methods: 350 referred students aged between 6-17 yrs attending tertiary care hospital were assessed for V/A of distance, near along with anterior and posterior segment examination to determine magnitude of refractive error and their data were analyzed by chi- square test. Results: 350 students were examined at tertiary care centre. 309(88.3%) students were having refractive error.15 (4.3%) students were detected with media and fundus abnormalities and 10(2.8%) students were amblyopic. 221 students (63.1%) were Myopic (spherical equivalent of at least -0.50 D in either eye) with male predominance and 101(45.7%) students as low degree of myopia. 58(16.6%) were Hyperopic (+2.00 D or more with 32(55.2%) students falling under 5 yrs age group and 30(8.6%) students were Astigmatic (cylinder of > or = 0.75 D). Conclusion: An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. Refractive error is serious health problem in school going children and its elimination requires integrated system from regular check up to providing spectacles and can lessen the low vision burden on society. Keywords: Amblyopia, Congenital anomalies, Childhood blindness, Refractive error.

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Since many years anesthesia for an eye evolving from retrobulbar to topical. Hyaluronidase is use for better absorption of anesthetic solution. Due to the enzyme nature of hyaluronidase, cost of the drug, risk of anaphylaxis and limited shelf life led the search of newer molecule which gives better absorption with negligible risk and cost effectiveness. As commercially available local anesthetic agents are more acidic in nature causing more pain to patients and so this study compare the pain perception by buffering the anesthetic agents with sodium bicarbonate 7.5%. Objective: To estimate the pain perception of preservative free sodium bicarbonate (7.5%), lignocaine 2 %, bupivacaine 0.5% with hyaluronidase (1500IU) in combination of lignocaine 2% and bupivacaine 0.5% for peribulbar anesthesia. Materials and Methods: Prospective interventional study was done on 60 patients over a period of 12 months. Patients were selected randomly who falls under inclusion criteria and were injected freshly prepared non-buffered (solution-A) or buffered (solution-B) peribulbar anaesthesia. The pH of both solutions was tested using digital pH meter at the same time. All peribulbar injections were given by one surgeon only. The pain of peribulbar injection were noted on Wong- Baker FACES20 pain rating scale during each block. Results were analyzed by independent t - test. Results: Both the group consist of 30 patients each. 34 were male and 26 were female. Mean pH of solution A: 6.18 0.13 and of solution B: 7.18 0.14. In first group that is without sodium bicarbonate 40% of patient were having a moderate pain with mean pain score 4.033 + 2.12 and 6.66% of patient were having moderate pain with mean pain score 1.43 + 1.40 in the second group (with sodium bicarbonate). Statistical analysis shows P value 0.00001, which was highly significant. Keywords: Sodium bicarbonate, Hyaluronidase, Peribulbar anesthesia, Pain score Introduction.

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Introduction: Retinal vein occlusion is second most common retinal vascular disorder after diabetic retinopathy. BRVO caused due to occlusion of branch vein of retina with involvement of particular quadrant. On ophthalmoscopic examination patient will have retinal edema and or macular edema with superficial and deep retinal haemorrhages and venous dilatation within the affected sector. The most recognized risk factor for BRVO are age and systemic vascular disorders. Materials and Methods: Prospective observational study was done for the period of one year. Patients more than 30 years of age attending ophthalmology OPD found to have BRVO were evaluated for various risk factors after taking consent. History and thorough eye examination were carried out including fundus photography and fluorescein angiography. Results: In this study 38 patients of more than 30 years (32-75 years) found to have BRVO out of which 21 were male and 17 were female. 25 cases (65.78%) (p-value 0.0384) having hypertension, 8 case (21.05%) (p-value 0.135) having diabetes, 7 (18.42%) (p-value 0.04) were smokers, 13 (34.21%) (p-value 0.0008) were having altered lipid profile, 15 (65.22%) (p value < 0> Conclusion: With the help of modern instrument and technology branch retinal vein occlusion can be easily diagnosed and treated. It is a multi-factorial disease affect the eyes of an individual having hypertension with other risk factors like ageing, hyperlipidaemia, homocysteinemia etc. so beware of four H, higher age, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, homocysteinemia. Keywords: BRVO, Diabetes mellitus, Hypertension, Homocysteinemia, Smoking

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