Sheldon J Goudinho

Abstract

Aim: The objective of the paper is to estimate the prevalence of albuminuria (both microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria) among type 2 diabetic patients and to determine its role as a risk factor for the presence and severity of diabetic retinopathy. Materials and Methods: We conducted a hospital based cross sectional study in 360 patients who had type 2 diabetes mellitus. Study was conducted on all type II diabetic patients who came to the department of ophthalmology, DR SMCSI medical college, Karakonam. Study period was 2 years. All the patients had undergone through a thorough ocular examination. The ETDRS scale was used for grading Diabetic retinopathy. A morning urine sample was used for detecting albuminuria. The values of urine albumin excretion of 30 – 300 mg in 24 hours was regarded as microalbuminuria and values more than 300 mg in 24hours was considered as macroalbuminuria. The analysis was done using SPSS 16.0. Results: In our present study the prevalence of microalbuminuria was found to be 33.9% and the prevalence of macroalbuminuria was found to be 16.7%. Those with macroalbuminuria when compared to those with microalbuminuria or normoalbuminuria is shown to have a greater prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and also was found to have greater severity of the disease (33.3%) which was found to be statistically significant, p value= 0.001. Conclusion: Microalbuminuria is a very useful biomarker in predicting the presence and severity of diabetic retinopathy among type II diabetic patients. Patients with microalbuminuria have a higher risk for the development and the progression of diabetic retinopathy. Keywords: Diabetic retinopathy, Diabetes mellitus, Microalbuminuria.

View Article

Abstract

Alterations in corneal astigmatism and tear stability in patients undergoing surgical excision of pterygium: a prospective study undertaken in a tertiary centre in south Kerala. Objective: To analyse the effect of surgical intervention on corneal astigmatism & tear stability in patients with ptreygium. Methodology: In this prospective observational study conducted in ophthalmology department, Dr. SMCSI Medical College, Karakonam, 39 eyes with primary pterygium enrolled between January 2016 to May 2017 for pterygium excision with conjunctival autograft, were analysed. Preoperatively and one month post operative. Uncorrected & best corrected visual acuity, keratometry readings (K1, K2) was recorded. Pterygia were graded as grade I, II, III & IV.TBUT and Schirmer’s test used to measure tear function. Descriptive measures were calculated using percentage or mean (SD). Pre-operative and post-operative difference in values of astigmatism and tear function tests were assessed using test of significance, paired t-test. Results: Of the patients enrolled with primary pterygium, 56.4% (22) were females and 43.6% (17) males. 42% had right eye ptreygium and 58 % in the left. 84.3 %( 33) were nasal, 12.8% (5) temporal and 2.6 %( 1) double pterygium. 76.9 %( 30) were grade II, 10.3% (4) grade III, 12.8% (5) grade IV. There was a reduction in astigmatism from 2.29 +/- 1.4D to 1.02 +/- 0.74D (p Conclusion: Surgical intervention proved beneficial for patients with pterygium in terms of reduction of refractive astigmatism. A statistically significant change was not observed in tear function. Keywords: Astigmatism, Conjunctival autograft, Ptreygium, Tear function.

View Article