Sivaraman G

Abstract

A rare case of a 13yr old male patient presented with photophobia in both eyes and gradually progressive painless mass with watering, itching, and redness in the right eye for 2 months. Best-corrected visual acuity in Right eye 20/200 and Left eye 20/120. On examination, Right eye has a 6 x 6 mm fleshy pink oval pedunculated mass lesion arising from the temporal limbus and a 2mm hyperpigmented lesion in the nasal limbus. Left eye has a gelatinous white flat diffuse lesion with the pigmentation of 3mm both in the nasal and temporal limbus. Both eyes' Anterior segment, ocular motility, and fundus are normal. The patient had multiple hyperpigmented spots (freckles) and scaly skin on the face and trunk suggestive of Xeroderma pigmentosum for which he was on irregular treatment. Right eye tumor mass was excised with intraoperative control of surgical margins with adjunctive cryotherapy and sent for histopathology examination, which was confirmed as squamous neoplasia. Postoperatively, Both eyes started on Topical Mitomycin-c 0.02% 4 cycles, and the patient was carefully followed for any recurrence.   Keywords: Ossn, Ocular surface squamous neoplasia, Nodular ossn, Mitomycin­C, Cryotherapy

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Abstract

Aim: The main objective of our study is to assess aqueous deficient dry eye in the study population consisting of various age and gender distribution and to identify the factors which are responsible for aqueous deficient dry eye. Materials and Methods: All patients with dry eye presented to the eye care center in Telangana, in South India were examined in detail to know the demographics and risk factors responsible for dry eye. Patients who presented with dry eye were examined with detailed histories such as occupational history, family history, and drug and systemic history. These patients were also subjected to visual acuity, slit-lamp examination, Schirmer's test, fluorescein stain, and tear film breakup time. A prospective observational study was carried out on 100 patients over 12 months from July 2021 to June 2022. Results: Demographics such as age, gender, occupation, patient symptoms, signs, associated systemic diseases, and investigations results were all evaluated. Conclusions: Dry eye is one of the health problems which is more prevalent in the current digital world. Though it may appear as a minor issue it leads to a lot of discomforts to the patient eyes such as itching. Patients observed in our study were categorized into primary Sjogren syndrome, secondary Sjogren syndrome, and non-Sjogren syndrome. These patients were carefully evaluated and treated according to ocular signs and severity.   Keywords: Aqueous deficient dry eye, Sjogren syndrome, Schirmer's test, Ocular complications dry eye.

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Abstract

Aim: The main purpose of our study is to provide a general view of various ocular manifestations observed in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Ocular manifestations observed in our study not only include cataract and retinopathy but also other anterior and posterior segment ocular manifestations and their epidemiology. We wanted to evaluate the different ocular manifestations in type 2 diabetes mellitus, its clinical profile, and its relationship between various risk factors. Materials and Methods: All cases with a known case of type 2 diabetes mellitus presented to the Tertiary Eye Care Centre, Telangana, in South India were examined in detail to know the various ocular manifestations. A prospective observational study was done. Patients who presented with diabetes were examined in detail, diabetes history, and further investigated to know anterior and posterior segment ocular manifestations. The study was conducted on 500 patients over 18 months from December 2018 to June 2020. Results: All 500 patients were examined in detail. Ocular manifestations observed in type 2 Diabetes mellitus include cataract, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, keratitis, retinal vascular occlusion, ophthalmoplegia, lid lesions, ischemic optic neuropathy, age-related macular degenerations. Conclusions: Diabetes mellitus is an important health problem that causes significant morbidity due to specific microvascular complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy, and macrovascular complications such as ischemic heart disease, and peripheral vasculopathy. Ocular manifestations were more likely to occur in both eyes in diabetes patients. Treatment and visual rehabilitation vary for different ocular manifestations. A thorough early ocular evaluation of patients and management is of utmost importance to prevent further visual impairment.   Keywords: Cataract, Diabetic retinopathy, Glaucoma, Keratitis, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Ocular manifestations

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