Reeta R Gupta

Questioned Document examination is one of the very challenging fields in comparison with other branch of forensic science, and is well developed, scientifically valuable for the court of law. Document examination plays a very important role in solving civil and criminal cases related with fraud, forgery and counterfeit security documents. Forensic document examiner reveals the truth by obtaining the scientific information during forensic analysis of disputed documents related with any fraud and forgery. Over the past threefour decades, the various novel scientific methods have been developed, which have really helped the forensic document examiners in solving criminal cases however still it is not an easy task for any expert to solve high-tech criminal cases. The main objective of this manuscript is to focus on the important role Questioned Document Examination in solving criminal cases for more comprehensive understanding for evidential poof and significant role Questioned Document Expert of the in criminal justice system. The Forensic document expert provides the scientific proof of evidence as an expert opinion on criminal cases and scientific assistance by providing evidence as expert testimony in the court of law. On the basis of Questioned document examination report many of the cases solved and helped in taking judicious decision in criminal justice system. Keywords: Handwriting Examination, Forensic Document Examination etc.

The sequence in which the writing strokes have been executed on a paper is known as sequence of strokes. Examining the sequence of strokes can help in determining the relative age of ink which is required in various cases related to document examination including examination of wills, cheques, statements, receipts, agreements etc. The current study is focused on examining the sequence of strokes executed with a ball point pen. Video Spectral Comparator 8000 (VSC8000) has been used for the current examination. The test samples and the actual questioned documents were examined under VSC8000. It was observed that depending on the pressure through which the strokes have been executed, identification of sequence of two or more intersecting writing strokes was possible. Keywords: Sequence of strokes, Age of ink, Ink analysis, Document examination

Handwriting Science and Finger Print examination both are significant branches of Forensic Science. This article illustrates one of the important cases related to cheating by impersonation in constable recruitment examination. The case was submitted in Central Forensic Science Laboratory CBI, New Delhi for examination and opinion on handwritings as well as finger thumb impressions with detailed questionnaires. Inter see examination and comparison of questioned document with standard document reveals that both the sets were consistent in detailed characteristic features and execution of strokes in construction of letter and their combination in words. The authorship of questioned documents was matched with the supplied specimen documents. Also, the questioned thumb impressions were compared with the standard thumb impression and were found consistent between both the sets. The case was examined thoroughly by applying the principle of handwriting science and finger thumb impression. The case was successfully solved on the basis of forensic analysis of handwritings and finger thumb impressions. The scientific evidence was produced during court testimony by the experts and opinion was accepted in the court of law and finally the suspected person was convicted. Keywords: Questioned document examination, Thumb impression, Forensic examination.

Questioned Document Examiner deals with various types of criminal cased for fixing the authorship. Among them examination of disguised writings has thrown a serious challenge in solving the criminal cases in order to fix its authorship. Forensic analysis of handwriting characteristic features in disguised nature of writing content is not an easy task for questioned document experts to understand the detail characteristic features of writing content for fixing authorship. The present write-up is an attempt to unfold the journey of critical examination of disguised writings in order to reveal the authorship of written content. A large number of disguised writing has been examined for the purpose of detailed study of its characteristic writing features. The experimental evidence of disguised writing examination and analysis in identifying characteristic features related to disguised nature of writings content is discussed in detail in this research paper. Keywords: Disguised writing, Forensic analysis of disguised writings, Document examination, etc.

The present trend in forensic science education and research is emphasized towards quality research in order to standardized methods and techniques to solve such critical cases. Document examiners always play an important role in criminal justice system, however many at times they always encountered with number of random questions which really do not relate with the actual matter, and they also are forced to give answer. So in order to produce the scientific evidence which is better referred to as forensic evidence. The role of forensic document examiner while giving any opinion becomes more important as they produce detailed scientific evidence supported with scientific principles and methodology, presented to convince the court in favour of justice. Keywords: Forensic Examination, Criminal Justice System, credibility.

In the modern society, it is surprising to know that criminals are well equipped with novel technological facilities and they have adopted numerous methodological ways for conducting highly organized crime. Due to the immense advancement in Science and Technology, criminals are being quicker in exploiting sophisticated scientific technology for criminal activities and desires to commit crime. Hence the more complex criminal cases are gradually increasing in number and are becoming a major challenge for forensic document experts relating with paper and ink examination, such as paper analysis for differentiating between forged and originality, ascertain authenticity of paper document, its identification, relative age of documents and document dating. The present write-up is an attempt to describe overall approach in forensic examination of paper for distinguishing between two or more sets of paper. Chemical and physical analysis of paper by using appropriate scientific method provides valuable information regarding the details of the document. However application of advanced sophisticated techniques and appropriate scientific methods for reliable results without destruction of the original documents are the prime requirements of the forensic document expert and investigating agencies. Keywords: Document examination, Paper differentiation.

In the modern age of digitalization and development of sophisticated all-in-one-machine, it has become apparent that the criminals/forgers are using more advanced methodology to commit a crime and they are also aware about the possibility of their identification through their handwriting examination using various writing instruments on paper. Hence, they are using an alternative option by opting machine generated forged documents in place of original document i.e. the photocopied document to eliminate the original identifying features of genuine document. They are forgetting the fact that every act of criminal activities remains the trace of evidence to connect with the criminal activities if noticed and scientifically examine by the forensic experts. Examination of photocopied signatures/ handwritings in order to ascertain the authorship of the writer is not an easy task. In this article, the author is focused on challenges and problems encountered by the forensic document experts in examination of photocopied documents (signatures and handwritings). Article further discusses about a simplified and systematic approach to conduct examination of photocopied document in order to express opinion for their true value of justice along with understanding the limitations of the forensic document field. Keywords: Photocopied documents, Photocopier machine, Handwriting, Examination.

Today the world is fully acknowledged by the digital Technology with a constant dependency of staying connected with everything. In this era of world and after the world experiencing covid pandemic, a new dimension of use of digital/ cyber technology and digitalization in all area including home to office work in day-to-day life emerged with broad spectrum. Technology has given a significant contribution in societal change with digital world in all aspects such as the medical instruments used in surgical treatment of various cardiac, pulmonary diseases orthopedic as well as carcinogenic diseases; cellular connectivity with accuracy &consistency and timeless feasibility of data transfer and money transactions from one hand to another hand. With advancement of technology on a daily basis a significant impact can be seen on the society. This also creates a major impact on the current criminal scenario as well as it has imposed new challenges in the criminal justice system. The present research article is based on the recent case study encountered by the experts in forensic science which will be discuss in detail with their own experiences during presentation. Keywords: Forensic Science, Cyber Fraud, Cyber Crime