Ranjan Parashar

Abstract

Background: Road Traffic Accident (RTA) is one of the major causes of death and disability in India, especially among two-wheeler drivers due to over speeding, carelessness, stunts on road, ignorance of safety measures and alcohol. It accounts for considerable loss of the nation in terms of life and property. Objectives: To study the pattern of injuries among two-wheeler drivers in relation to different parameters in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Bhopal City. Material and Methods: The present study was carried out at a tertiary care hospital of Bhopal city. All the 2-wheeler drivers who were victims of Road traffic accidents & who reported to the emergency department of the study place during study period (from 1st January to 31st December 2017) were included in the study. Various parameters like age, gender of the victims, time of accident, seasonal variations, factor responsible for accident, types of injury sustained by the victims in relation to the use of helmet while driving and consumption of alcohol, duration of stay in the hospital and outcome of different injuries were considered. Results: There was a clear-cut male preponderance (85.21%) with maximum involvement of younger age groups (21- 30 Years). Most of the accidents have been taken place in evening hours (6 pm to 12 midnight). The type of injury sustained in majority of cases was multiple injuries followed by head injury, among them most of the victims (79.68%) were not wearing the helmet. The most common factor responsible for the accidents (34.25%) was Rash Driving. Conclusion: Due to increasing population, increasing number of vehicles and over-burdened traffic, the incidence of RTA is rising especially in two-wheeler drivers and passengers. There is loss of productive and young lives of Country. It is very common to consume alcohol, not using protective measures, reckless driving, crossing the red signal especially in younger generation due to increasing work load of education and employment. Keywords: RTA, Twowheelers, Bhopal, Tertiary Care Hospital, Trauma.

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Abstract

Child labour is the practice of having children engaged in economic activity, on part or full time basis to support or earn live hood. In India the estimated total number of child labourers, aged between 5-14 years is found to be at 43,53,247, out of which 2,86,310 are in Madhya Pradesh. The present study is an observational study on 200 randomly selected Child Labourers who were engaged in various economic activity, conducted in Bhopal city from 1st Nov. 2014 to 31st Jan 2015 to determine the factors responsible for child labour in Bhopal city, the education status of children engaged in economic activity, the family status of children engaged in economic activity, and the socio-demographic profile of children engaged in economic activity. Out of total 200 children, 134 were Hindus (111 males and 23 females) and 66 were Muslims (62 males and 4 females). Most preponderance of child labourers is in the age group 10 to 14 years. Maximum child labourers earn between 50 – 150 rupees per day. Among 200 child labourers, 63 were homeless, spending their night hours on foot path, bus stand, and 137 were residing in slums or small houses. Among 200 child labourers 89 were addicted to tobacco in the form of Gutkha (A Form of Tobacco Preparation); out of them 74 were males and 15 were females Keywords: Child Labour, Economic Activity, ILO, Indian Penal Code, Article 24, Gutkha.

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