Prathipaa R

Abstract

Background: The histopathological diagnosis of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) shows spectrum of patterns and pathologist plays a vital role in the reporting of endometrium and differentiating non-neoplastic lesion from neoplastic lesions, early detection of precursor lesions and exclusion of malignancy. The aim of this study is to study the spectrum of endometrial patterns in women with AUB and to correlate with the different age groups. Materials and Methods: 256 samples of endometrial samples in women with AUB are received from the gynaecology department, processed and stained with hematoxylin & eosin and subjected to histopathological examination. Results: The peak incidence is observed in the age group of 51-60 years. The most common histomorphological pattern is proliferative pattern. 60 cases (23.43%) show endometrial hyperplasia out of which 6 cases show atypia. Only 1 case(0.39%) of endometrial carcinoma reported overall and reported in postmenopausal age. Pill endometrium and chronic endometritis are not reported in postmenopausal age group and all 3 cases of atrophic endometrium are reported in postmenopausal age group. Conclusion: AUB significantly affects the quality life of women and leads to anemia. Hence histopathological examination should be considered which plays a critical role in early diagnosis of endometrial pathology and to provide appropriate gynaecological management. Keywords: Abnormal uterine bleeding, AUB, Biopsy, Endometrium, Histopathology.

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Abstract

Introduction: Gastric carcinoma is aggressive cancer with poor prognosis. E-cadherin is 120 kD calcium mediated transmembrane glycoprotein that forms the cell adhesion molecule which maintains the integrity of epithelial cells by keeping it cohesive. E-cadherin down regulation in gastric cancer is of great significance in the dissociation of epithelial cells, alteration of tumor microenvironment, invasion, tumor genesis and metastasis.  Aims and Objective: To study the E-cadherin expression in gastric carcinoma and to correlate with the existing clinical and pathological parameters. Materials and Methods: The study included 100 confirmed cases of adenocarcinoma from gastrectomy specimens. Immunostaining was done with E-cadherin mouse monoclonal antibody and expression studied based on the staining pattern and correlated with various clinico-pathological parameters. Data was statistically analysed by chi square test with calculation of p-value. Results: E-cadherin expression showed aberrant staining in 87% cases.  E-cadherin expression showed significant correlation with histological types, tumor grade, tumor depth of invasion, lymphovascular invasion and lymphnode involvement. The expression E-cadherin in gastric cancer was aberrant in 100 % of diffuse type and poorly differentiated tumors. 96.61% of lymph node positive cases showed aberrant expression. The cases with aberrant expression were comparatively more in T3 (100%) and T4 (93.75%) tumors. Conclusion: The study highlights the significance of E-cadherin expression in gastric carcinoma that can be utilised as a potent bio marker for aggressiveness, metastasis and prognosis.   Keywords: E-cadherin, Adenocarcinoma, Gastric cancer, Immunohistochemistry, Cell adhesion

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