Amrit Kaur Kaler

Abstract

SATB2 is a nuclear protein that plays a critical role in osteoblast lineage commitment. Diagnosing extra skeletal osteosarcomas at rare sites can be quite challenging as it might mimic hyalinized stroma. The utility of SATB2 expression in osteosarcomas and other bone and soft tissue tumours is an useful adjunct to histopathology in diagnosing these rare lesions. A 69 year old male, presented with scrotal swelling since 8 months. He underwent left sided orchidectomy because of the clinical suspicion of malignancy. Macroscopy revealed a solid mass in the para testicular tissue with no involvement of the testicular tissue. Cut surface is whitish, firm and homogenous. Microscopy showed malignant soft tissue tumor with areas showing osteoid differentiation and SAT B2 helped in confirmation of diagnosis by highlighting the osteoblastic nature of cells. Hence a diagnosis of Primary extra skeletal paratesticular osteosarcomas was made. Keywords: SATB2, Scrotum, Extra skeletal osteosarcoma, Paratesticular sarcoma.

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Abstract

Objectives: To study the burden of different Hemoglobinopathies in the Sikh community of Bangalore. To study their patterns on gel electrophoresis (EPH) and compare the results with hematological parameters and peripheral smear. To confirm the results by cation exchange- High Performance Liquid Chromatography (CE-HPLC) wherever necessary. Materials and Methods: A prospective pilot study was conducted on one hundred and fifty one cases who visited Gurudwara for a regular visit every Sunday. About 2-3 ml. intravenous blood samples were collected after obtaining informed consent from each individual. Background data of each individual were recorded like age, sex, caste, place of origin, consanguinity, etc. Hematological indices were measured using MS4 Cell Counter. Hemoglobin electrophoresis was carried out for the quantification of A2 fraction of hemoglobin by elution method. The use of high performance liquid chromatography is used to separate and quantify abnormal haemoglobin (Hb) fractions that were inseparable on Gel electrophoresis. Results: Most common hemoglobinopathies observed were β?thalassemia trait (5.3%), thalassemia major (0.6%), Hb D trait (1.9%), HbD-β?thalassemia (0.6%), sickle cell trait (0.6%), HbQ disease (0.6%). Conclusions: Proper screening camps and counselling needs to be done on the population at risk about awareness and detection of heterozygous carriers; to prevent the birth of homozygous Beta Thalassemia Major Child. Keywords: Sikh population, Hemoglobinopathies, Electrophoresis, High Power Liquid Chromatography.

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