Brajesh Kumar

Abstract

Introduction: Globally, Vector Borne Diseases (VBDs) account for 17% of infectious disease burden. Among VBDs, malaria and dengue are major public health problems due to their endemic nature and at times presenting outbreaks, and socioeconomic effects of them. A recent estimate indicates 390 million dengue infections per year, of which 96 manifest clinically with any severity of disease. The number of reported cases have increased from 2.2 million in 2010 to 3.2 million in 2015. India, being the highest burden country in South East Asian region, showed a declining trend in malaria incidence in recent years and is now poised to continue its stride toward achieving malaria elimination target by 2030. Materials and Methods: From November 2019 to February 2020. People residing in field practice area of RHTC, JNUIMSRC, village Sindoli Jaipur. The study was done by a pre-designed, pre -tested, semistructured interview schedule. Discussion: In present study 88.4% heard about Malaria and Dengue, 46.37% were knowing all symptoms of these diseases, 83.69% know that it is transmitted by mosquito bite and 79.71% knew that water is their breeding site. 82.24% knew that water clogging is major cause of breeding. 65.57% believed that they are at risk of these diseases. 80.07% believed that clearing of water containers weekly will prevent breeding, 44.92% believe control activities a joint responsibility and 55.43% believe that public health persons should be allowed to inspect and spray. 54.71% believe sleeping under net prevent from malaria and Dengue. 83.69% practice environmental cleanliness to prevent these diseases. 37.68% respondent were drying their coolers when it was empty after use. 87.31% were using covered overhead tanks. 61.95% used to through coconut shells, egg shells and empty containers and used household water in discriminately. Conclusion: Rapid unplanned urbanization with the growth of substandard housing conditions, poor sanitation, and other anthropogenic environmental changes has made rural areas and urban slums more vulnerable to these diseases and unavailability of effective vaccines, resistance to anti-malarial and antidengue medicines has further worsen to the situation. For this problem public health experts require a deeper insights into existing community perceptions and practices and thereby helps in identifying the attributes that influence the community in adopting healthy practices and responsive behaviors, as regard Malaria and Dengue. Keywords: Perception, Knowledge, Attitude, Behaviour.

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Abstract

Introduction: Anaemia is a global health related major public health problem among pregnant women, specially affecting developing countries like India. In pregnant women it is a major contributing factor of maternal mortality and perinatal mortality. Objectives: 1. To find out prevalence of Anaemia in pregnant women of Jaipur. 2. To find out prevalence of Low Birth Weight newborns, Still births and Cesarian Section. 3. To find out various socio-demographic factors and their association with anaemia of pregnancy. Materials and Methods: All pregnant women, who were admitted for delivery in Jaipur National University, Institute for Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Jaipur, Rajasthan during the study period of 1st January 2018 to 31 December 2018. Sampling Method and Sample Size: Study sample was calculated by complete enumeration technique and, 1227 admitted cases of delivery were selected for study. Results: Total 64.72% of pregnant women were suffering from anaemia. Mild anaemia was 29.50%, Moderate anaemia in 34.55%, and Severe anaemia was observed in 0.65% of pregnant women. Total 67.67% Hindu pregnant women were anaemic while only 60.40% Muslim pregnant women were found to be anaemic. Among the anaemic mothers, 21.92% had newborn birth weight less than 2 kg, 24.05% had birth weight 2-2.5 kg and 54.03% had birth weight more than 2.5 kg weight. 50.88% delivered normally and 47.60% underwent LSCS. 1.52% had stillbirth among anaemic pregnant women. Conclusion: Improved dietary practices, consumption of locally available iron rich foods and a balanced diet, and effective national programme will go a long way in preventing iron deficiency in pregnant women. Keywords: Anaemia, LSCS, Still birth, Pregnant women.

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