Vasavi Santosh

Abstract

Mucormycosis is an uncommon but fatal fungal infection that usually affects patients with altered immunity and is caused by mold fungi of the genus Rhizopus.The common mode of transmission of these fungal spores is inhalation, ingestion, or direct inoculation. COVID 19 infection caused an upsurge of this rare disease in the last year. It usually affects immunocompromised patients. In this article, we have discussed the clinical features, radiographic features and management of 2 cases of Mucormycosis affecting the maxilla, nasal and sinus cavities in immunocompetent individuals post covid-19 infection. Keywords : Mucormycosis, Mucorales

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Abstract

Objectives: As the COVID-19 pandemic is an emerging healthcare concern, there has been swift vaccine development with minimal clinical trials questioning its protective efficacy outside of clinical trial conditions. The study aims to analyze the adverse events following immunization (AEFI) with COVID-19 vaccines among the domestic Indian population. It also aimed to evaluate the association between AEFI and demographic characteristics, comorbidities, and type of vaccine. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional survey included participants ? 18 years of Indian origin for passive reporting of AEFI with COVID-19 vaccination using a questionnaire. The incidence of AEFI was calculated in percentage; the Chi-square test was used to determine associations between AEFI and independent variables. Results: The incidence of reported AEFI was 76.4%. The most frequently reported AEFI was redness [74.38% (n?=?328)], followed by pain [52.83% (n?=?233)], swelling [52.83% (n?=?233)], and fever [50.34% (n?=?222)]. The majority of AEFIs were mild to moderate and resolved spontaneously. Females had significantly more AEFI with longer duration than males. The type of vaccine received had no significant effect on the number or duration of AEFI; 3.63% tested positive for COVID-19 after the first dose and 3.11% after the second dose of the vaccine, with no significant correlation between comorbidities and the presence of AEFI. Conclusion: More than three-fourths of the vaccines resulted in one or more forms of adverse events, but most events were self-limiting. Females were more prone to develop AEFI. Knowledge about what to expect after vaccination will help educate the public, allay misconceptions and reduce vaccine hesitancy. Keywords: Aefi, COVID­19, India, Vaccine, Vaccine development

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Aim and Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the variations in the number of canals and its morphology in permanent mandibular first molars using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in a subset of Indian population. Materials and Methods: A total of 350 CBCT scans were collected and evaluated in all three orthogonal planes to determine the number of root canals and study their anatomic variations using Vertucci’s classification. Statistical Analysis used: The total number of roots and root canals, the root canal configuration, the incidence, and the correlations between left- and right-side occurrences and between males and females were analysed. Statistically significant differences were evaluated using the chi-square test with SPSS 16.0 for Windows (SPSS, Chicago, IL), with significance set at p < 0> Result: The results of this study showed that predominantly, two thirds of the subjects had type VI mesial canal configuration and two-thirds had type I distal canal configuration. Also there was significant variance in the canal anatomy across gender and age of the subjects. Conclusion: CBCT is a clinically useful tool in understanding the variations in root canal morphology, which guides in the assessment of the canal morphology aiding in successful root canal treatment. Keywords : Oral submucous fibrosis, Radiographic evaluation, Morphology of soft palate.

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