A Mangala Geetha

Abstract

Leiomyoma are the commonest benign tumors affecting the female reproductive tract and constitute to around 18-20% of the uterine pathologies that are seen in women of the reproductive age group. Depending on its location in the uterus, fibroids are classified as uterine, cervical and ligamentary of which the cervical fibroids are the rarest and make up only around 2-2.5% of the total incidence of fibroids. Large cervical fibroids give a typical appearance known as “Lantern on St. Paul’s dome” where the small sized normal uterus sits on top of the cervical fibroid mimicking the Lantern on the dome of famous St. Paul’s Cathedral of Russia. This is a report of a case of cervical fibroid which showed the typical appearance and was successfully operated with no organ damage or blood loss. Keywords: Fibroids, Saint Paul’s dome.

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Abstract

Infertility accounts to nearly one-third of the patients who seek the medical advice of a gynecologist. Infertility or otherwise sub fertility is the failure of a couple to conceive after 1 year of regular, unprotected intercourse. Amongst the various causes for female infertility ovulatory dysfunction is the most common and accounts to 30-40% of all cases.1 The capacity of an ovary to produce egg cells that are capable for fertilization is known as ovarian reserve. Tests done to asses quantitative ovarian reserve of a woman desirous of pregnancy includes Day 3 FSH, AMH, Antral follicular count and ovarian volume measurement. Antral follicular count is referred as a number of oocytes and follicles in ovaries which is morphologically healthy. Anti mullerian hormone is produced by healthy ovarian follicles and serves as a marker of quantity of healthy follicles and oocytes in ovaries. Ovarian volume assessed by ultrasound can be used as a marker of functional ovarian potential. The aim of this study is to compare the ovarian reserve of fertility proven women with women presenting with sub-fertility using the sonographic tests like antral follicular count and ovarian volume measurement in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, South India and thence to asses if they are corresponding to standard cut-off values of other parts of the globe. Keywords: Ovarian reserve, Antral follicular count.

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Abstract

Ectopic pregnancy is implantation of an embryo at sites other than its normal location - the uterine cavity. The most common site for ectopic implantation is the fallopian tube, other rare sites being ovarian ectopic, cervical ectopic and caesarean scar ectopic. Ovarian ectopic pregnancy accounts to around 3% of all ectopics, incidence being 1 in 2000 to 1 in 60,000. In this rare form of ectopic the implantation and development of embryo occurs in the ovary and eventually ends with rupture before the end of first trimester causing catastrophic results due to hemorrhage and hemostatic imbalance and sometimes even death. This case report is of such a rare form of ectopic pregnancy reported at ISO-KGH, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Government Medical College, Omandurar Government Estate, Chennai. Keywords: Gynaecology, Haemoperitoneum, Laparoscopicaly Case Summary

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