K Swapna Reddy

Abstract

Introduction: Typhoid is a bacterial infection that can lead to a high fever, diarrhoea, and vomiting. It can be fatal. It is caused by the bacteria Salmonella typhi. Globally, around 21.5 million people a year contract typhoid. If typhoid is caught early, it can be successfully treated with antibiotics; if it is not treated, typhoid can be fatal. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective and observational study conducted in Department of Pediatrics from the 1 January 2016 to 30 December 2019. Epidemiological data, clinical features, blood culture, Typhidot IgM test and other laboratory parameters from all the patients were collected and it was analyzed by using the Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21 Fisher’s exact test. Results: During the study period total 290 febrile patients with symptoms suggestive of Enteric fever were included. Incidence of enteric fever among these 290 patients was 32.41% (n=94), of which laboratory confirmed culture positive incidence was 17.09% (n=55) and probable cases of enteric fever based on positive serodiagnosis where culture showed no growth was 17.09% (n=39). Out of 290 patients, 170 (58.62%) were male and rest 120 (41.37%) were female. The serological positivity by Widal test in this study was 32.06% (n=93/290). Serodiagnosis by Typhidot IgM was 27.24% (n=79/290). Conclusions: High rate of MDR S. Typhi is alarming and suggests need for better living standards, health education, correct diagnosis and proper treatment as control strategies. Keywords: Salmonella Typhi, Enteric Fever, Widal Test, Typhidot.

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Abstract

Introduction: Acute febrile illness (AFI) is defined as a patient with fever of 38?C or higher at presentation or history of fever that persisted for 2–14 days with no localizing source. Fever is the main clinical symptom of various tropical infectious diseases. Materials and Methods: Retrospective observational examination was directed after endorsement from the Institutional Ethics Committee in Paediatric division, Apollo General Hospital, AIMSR, Jubilee hills from January 2016 till December 2019. Inclusion criteria: All the patients who were conceded in the ward or emergency unit complications of intense febrile infections, patients a half year to 15 years old were taken for the investigation. Exclusion criteria: Patients with associated infections when the complications cannot be attributed to febrile illness or patients with haematological malignancies, autoimmune disorders, and those on immunosuppressant were excluded from the study. Results: In present investigation, an aggregate of 290 patients with intense identical fever were assessed out of these 157 (63%) were male and 133 (36.6%) were female. In this investigation typhoid fever was the most well-known reason for undifferentiated fever (33.7%) trailed by malaria (25.5%), dengue fever (19.6%), urinary tract disease (8.2%), Acute gastroenteritis (5.5%), Pneumonia (3.1%), Bronchiolitis (2.4%), Hepatitis (1.0%) and Pharyngotonsillitis (0.6%%). Conclusions: It is important to know the aetiology and clinical pattern of acute undifferentiated fever for their proper management and it will help to prevent morbidity and mortality. Keywords: Acute Undifferentiated fever, Acute febrile illness, Typhoid fever, Malaria, Dengue fever.

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Abstract

Background: Dengue is a common disease in this part of the world. It is one of the dreaded fevers for the paediatric age group. The disease has various presentations and features, but early diagnosis and management can decrease mortality rate significantly. Aims: To evaluate the clinical profile of dengue infection in children under the age of 14 in urban areas of Telangana. The study is done in the tertiary care centre in urban area. Materials and Methods: It is Hospital based descriptive, prospective observational study. All probable cases of dengue were admitted with provisional diagnosis of dengue fever to the department of paediatrics for a period of one year. Total 198 children of age less than 14 years participated in present study.  Results: Out of 198 samples of clinically suspected dengue cases, 192 were found positive for Dengue NS1 antigen, 145 were found to be positive by IgG and 139 cases were positive for IgM. Majority of cases are males (62%) females were 38%. Most commonly affected age group is 6- 10 years of age 95 cases (47.9%) Most of the patients in study are hospitalized for a period of 3-6 days (51.5%). Fever (99.5%) was the most common symptom found in all the patients followed by vomiting (17.7%). Hypotension was found in 9% of the patients. Severe thrombocytopenia was observed in 3.5% of patients and moderate thrombocytopenia in 7% of patients. 46.5% of patients had normal platelet count. Leukopenia was seen in 29.8% of patients. Conclusions: Fever was the most common symptom found in all the patients. Majority of cases showed thrombocytopenia. Keywords: Dengue virus infection, Fever, Thrombocytopenia.

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