Ekta Rani

Abstract

Aims and Objectives: In the study we compare the sensitivity and specificity of two commonly used rapid serological test, Widal test and Typhidot, in the diagnosing of Typhoid fever. Material and Methods: Serum samples coming to the microbiology laboratory for routine testing over the period from September 2019 to November  2020 were analysed for the comparison for the presence of the Salmonella antibodies by carrying out the Typhidot and Widal tube agglutination test in tertiary care centre. Results: Out of 580 blood specimen, 49.3% cases were positive by Typhidot and 38.6% cases were positive by Widal method. Conclusion: Typhidot is a rapid and more sensitive test for early diagnosis of typhoid fever. It is now commercially available for the diagnosis of typhoid fever in areas with limited resources.Widal test showed the sensitivity and specificity of 37% & 62.4% respectively. Typhi dot test showed sensitivity of 41.4% and specificity of 56.5%. Keywords: Rapid test, Widal test, Typhidot test, serological test.

Open full article page

Abstract

Introduction: Pseudomonas aeruginosa an opportunistic nosocomial pathogen, its increasing resistance to broad-spectrum beta-lactams, mediated by extended-spectrum betalactamase enzymes (ESBL), is problem worldwide. The present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of ESBL-production among the clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Materials and Methods: Various clinical specimens received in our laboratory were processed and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was identified as per standard microbiological procedure. All isolates were subjected for ESBL screening test. Potential ESBL producer was then subjected for ESBL Phenotypic confirmatory test –Disc Diffusion method. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by Kirby – Bauer disc diffusion method on all confirmed isolates as per Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI 2016) guidelines. Results: A total of 322 non duplicate isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa identified during the study period. Of these 26.09% (n = 84) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were found to be ESBL producers. All ESBL positive Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates showed high resistance to ciprofloxacin 79 (94.05%), Gentamicin 61 (72.62%) and tobramycin 60 (71.43%). Resistance was low to drugs like cefoparazone + salbactum 17 (20.24 %) and piperacillin + Tazobactum 14 (16.67%), and Imipenem 15 (17.86 %). All the isolates showed 100% sensitive to Polymyxin B. Conclusion: Present study highlights the prevalence and drug resistance of ESBL positive Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Regular antimicrobial susceptibility monitoring is essential for judicial use of antibiotics in order to prevent the spread of drug resistance. Keywords:  P. aeruginosa, β lactam, ESBL.  

Open full article page

Abstract

Background: The resistance to antimicrobial agents among Staphylococci is an increasing problem. Clinical laboratories should perform D test routinely to guide the clinicians about the inducible clindamycin resistance and to prevent misuse of antibiotics. Aims: Study aimed to isolates the Inducible and Constitutive clindamycin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus in various clinical samples. Materials and Methods: We analyzed the performance of disk diffusion method in 183 Staphylococci aureus strains obtained from various clinical samples of the patients collected from September 2018 to February 2020 at a tertiary care centre, Meerut. Result: Inducible clindamycin resistance was tested by ‘D test’ as per CLSI guidelines. 142(77.6%) of S.aureus isolates were found to be methicillin resistant (MRSA) and 41 (22.4%) tested sensitive to cefoxitin i.e., methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA). Conclusion: Inducible resistance and constitutive resistance were found to be higher in MRSA as compared to MSSA). The D test method showed to be simple and easy in the detection of inducible (iMLSB) and constitutive clindamycin resistance (cMLSB). Keywords: Clindamycin, D test, Resistance, Staphylococcus aureus.

Open full article page