Rishu Mittal

From the past till the present there has been numerous direct filling materials introduced in the dentistry. These materials replaces the specialized tissues of the tooth that have been lost due to caries, as it can further leads to impairment of shape and functioning of the tooth. These materials have exponentially evolved ranging from amalgam to Glass Ionomer Cement and composites. GIC is well liked in dentistry due to its fluoride releasing nature, it is aesthetically good and have variable other properties. But due to its poor mechanical properties it cannot be used in stress bearing areas. To overcome the shortcomings, new materials have been introduced that is Cention-N. Cention-N not only releases fluoride but also release calcium and hydroxide ions. The hydroxyl ions emission can neutralize the acidity caused by the microorganisms which leads to prevention of demineralization. Many factors affect the amount of fluoride release in GIC and Cention-N. Anticariogenic effect of fluoride depends on the amount and time of fluoride release. Due to release of ions from these materials there can be effect on the bond strength of GIC and Cention-N. So the aim of this study is to find the effect of fluoride release on bond strength of Cention-N and GIC. Keywords: GIC, CentionN,  Pushout bond strength, Fluoride release, Porencephaly.

Aim: The aim of this in vitro study is to compare the efficacy of three diagnostic methods, Direct visual method, Magnifying loupes and Dental operating microscope in recognising all the canals of the root canal system in maxillary first molars using CBCT and reference standard method. Materials and Methods: A total of 65 maxillary first molars were selected for this study. Teeth selected were evaluated by Periapical radiographs and CBCT. Access cavities of selected extracted human maxillary first molars were prepared, and the floor of the pulp chamber was then explored to locate the MB2 canal in five stages: Stage I (Direct Visual Method), Stage II (under ×3.5 Magnifying Loupes with light-emitting diode [LED] light), Stage III (Under Dental Operating Microscope), and Stage IV (Cross-sectioning was done below CEJ and the sections were evaluated using stereomicroscope at 10x magnification). Statistical Analysis: The descriptive statistics were tabulated using Chi square test to compare the efficacy between the diagnostic methods. Senstivity, specificity, Positive /Negative predictive values were calculated for each method. Results: The results obtained in this study showed that CBCT was most accurate with the dimensional accuracy of 96% followed by Dental operating microscope which performed better (with the diagnostic accuracy of 76%) than the magnifying loupes (with the diagnostic accuracy of 64%) direct visual method (with the diagnostic accuracy 60%). Conclusion: The dental operating microscope was most effective in the detection of MB2 canals followed by magnifying loupes and direct visual method. Additionally, CBCT could be used as a supplementary diagnostic tool in cases in which canals are not found using the methods available in the dental office. Keywords: Diagnostic methods, Direct visual method, Magnifying loupes, Dental operating microscope, CBCT, Cross-sectioning, Diagnostic accuracy.

This case report describes the clinical procedures involved in the treatment of a complicated fracture in the maxillary left central incisor in a 35-year-old female patient, due to accidental fall. After clinical and radiograph examination Ellis class III fracture was diagnosed. Endodontic treatment was decided to restore the complicated crown fracture with fiber post and core followed by Porcelain fused to metal crown. & the tooth was satisfactory both esthetically and functionally. Keywords: Crown fracture, Traumatic dental injuries, Permanent tooth, Fiber Post.

Fractures and wear tooth, poor dental position, trauma and dissatisfaction with aesthetics are the major causes why patients seek for dental treatment. This work aims to present a technique for treating cases with aesthetic requirements using guides, to restore teeth with a G.V. Black’s Class IV restoration. The combination of rising patient aesthetic demands and the desire for conservative dentistry, has resulted in development of intricate direct composite layering techniques. Direct restorations have good predictability, resistance load, longevity and compared with indirect restorations have greater preservation of dental tissues, low cost and fewer clinical sessions. This case report describes a systematic system to rebuild the lost anatomy of a maxillary central incisor with dental composites. Keywords: Composite resin restoration, Dental esthetics, Lingual putty technique.

A tooth with a straight root canal and a single foramen is the exception rather than the rule. Most of the canals have multiple curvatures along their length, which poses difficulty in root canal instrumentation. Because of the presence of curved canals in mandibular molars, Endodontic treatment is very challenging. Curved canals have been found to be relatively higher in mandibular molars, ranging from 3.3 to 30.92% when compared to maxillary molars. Constricted canals and curvatures introduce factors that can increase the risk of procedural errors during root canal preparation. A thorough assessment of the preoperative radiographs, careful and a meticulous approach can yield into a safe and successful endodontic treatment of such teeth. The current case series presents two such interesting cases of endodontic management of curved canals in mandibular molars. Keywords:  Curved canals, Mandibular molars, Pre-operative radiographs, Precurving handfiles, Reciprocating handpiece, GG drills, Glide path files, Frequent irrigation, Procedural errors, Magnification