Aparajita Tomar

Abstract

Background: Hemolytic anaemia is caused due to the higher rate of destruction of red cells (membrane) than the rate of their generation. It can be inherited from or acquired. Membrane destruction is majorly caused due to the defects of membrane and enzymes. HA can be diagnosed with laboratory test like complete blood count test, urine test etc. Aims and Objectives: To study the clinical and pathological profile of hemolytic anaemia among the patients at Sri Aurobindo Institute of Medical Sciences (SAMS) medical college hospital. Materials and Methods: This study included 150 patients diagnosed with HA for 12 months from Feb 2019 to March 2020. Clinico-Hematological profile of each patients was recorded. Results: Current study observed that the 39.33% had beta thalassemia trait, sickle cell anaemia in 18.7%, beta thalassemia in 167.7%, malaria in 12%, sickle beta thalassemia 4.7%, and sickle cell trait. HA was more prevalent among male subjects (59%). Mean haemoglobin was least in thalassemia major (5.2gm/dl) and highest in sickle cell trait (9.2gm/dl). Mean total serum bilirubin was highest in beta thalassemia major patients and highest in beta thalassemia major (1821.4ng/dl). jaundice (57%), splenomegaly (47%) and hepatomegaly (34%) were common clinical manifestations. Conclusion: HA is more prevalent among younger male population; beta thalassemia trait and sickle cell anaemia are the most common HA. Other than the hereditary causes malaria is the major cause HA. Keywords: Hemolytic anaemia, Hemoglobin, Intracorpuscular and extracorpuscular.

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Abstract

Background: In developing countries like India oral hygiene and oral health facilities are still out of reach of a sizable population. Along with this consumption of Paan, Gutkha and other tobacco products aggravated the oral health. Oral cavities are the most common site of lesions. These pre-malignant lesions became malignant over time and causes irreversible oral cancers. Aims and Objective : To study the histopathology (changes in tissues) of lesions of oral cavities. Materials and Methods : This study enrolled 140 patients of oral cavity lesions and followed up for a period of 12 months. For histopathology lesions tissue sample was taken and biopsy was done post fixation in 10% buffered formalin, tissue were routinely processed and embedded in paraffin wax. Multiple sections were stained with Hematoxylin and eosin and studied them to find the correlation with gender, age, site of lesion and histopathological diagnosis. Result: Out of 124 oral biopsies, 52(42%) were malignant lesion, 46(37%) were pre-malignant lesion and 26(21%) were benign lesions. There is male preponderance in gender distribution of patients. Buccal mucosa was most common site of lesion. In malignant lesion group 50 patient of had squamous cell carcinoma (moderate in 67.31% and clear in 28.58%). In pre-malignant group keratosis with mild dysplasia was highest (28.26%) followed by the Oral submucous fibrosis (21.47%). Conclusion: Awareness about oral health and hygiene is necessary to prevent the oral health complications. Early detection of pre-malignant lesion id helpful in prevention of malignant cancer and complications. Along with clinical examination histopathological investigation should be done for lesions of oral cavity. Keywords: Histopathology, Cavity, Biopsy, Malignant.

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Abstract

Background: Papillary lesions of the breast encompass a wide spectrum of benign and malignant entities. Cytological interpretation of these is difficult and they top the list of conditions with a risk of false-positive diagnosis. Understanding the correlation of histologically confirmed benign and malignant papillary neoplasm with demographic parameters and features of neoplasm will help to distinguish the different lesions. Aims and Objectives: To compare histologically confirmed benign and malignant papillary neoplasm with demographic parameters and features of neoplasm Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was performed from January 2010 to December 2015 in the cytology section, Department of Pathology of a tertiary care and referral hospital including patients diagnosed as papillary lesion on FNAC. Histopathological follow-up was available for total 44 cases. A total of 44 breast aspirates and their corresponding histology were reviewed. Results: Majority of the patients with benign and malignant neoplasm had age between 41-50 years (33%) and 51-60 years. All patients with benign neoplasm were women whereas among patients with malignant neoplasm 12 were women and one was a man. Benign papilloma, 36.3% cases showed cellular smear, followed by 27.2% showed moderate cellularity. Malignant papillary lesions, cases showed both cellular and moderate cellularity. Conclusion: Papillary carcinoma is an infrequent histologic subtype of breast carcinoma. Cytological diagnosis of the lesion is difficult due to overlap with benign entity and other mimics. Keywords: Histopathology, Malignant papillary neoplasm, Lesions.

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