Vinod Babu S

Abstract

Background: Triglyceride-Glucose (TyG) index is an independent predictor of cardiovascular risk in several pathological conditions such as T2DM, Metabolic syndrome (MetS), CVD, and CAD. Early studies which were done on TyG index focus on insulin resistance. High TGL level induces production of small density LDL particle. All these proposed theories, explains why TyG index used as an independent factor of cardiovascular risk. Materials and Methods: 150 First year medical students were included and their anthropometric measures done using standard scale. Fasting blood glucose estimated by GOD POD method. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, High density lipoprotein and direct low density lipoprotein were estimated by IFCC approved methods. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS version 20. Results: Results 26% were obese and 5.33% were overweight. Lipid profile found to be significant different among the group. Atherosclerotic indices were found to have mild to moderate correlation with anthropometric measures (p < 0> Conclusion: Present study showed a high prevalence of overweight to obesity ratio in first year medical students. With TyG index we observed an independent association of cardio-metabolic risk with BMI in young adult.   Keywords: TyG index, Anthropometric measures, Atherosclerotic indices, Cardio-metabolic risk.

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Background: Obesity, broadly refers to increased body fat, which has become an important public health problem. Its prevalence continues to increase worldwide. In the World Health Survey, the prevalence of physical inactivity in India was 9.3% in men and 15.2% in women. Adipose tissue being an endocrine organ secretes several cytokines such as Interleukin-6, TNF-? and adipokines such as adiponectin, hepcidin, resistin. This study is to compare ferritin to iron and hepcidin with normal and obese men. Methods: This case-control study was conducted at a multispecialty centre in Chennai, Tamil Nadu between 2013 and 2015, including 80 subjects of South Indian population. The biochemical parameters which were measured included the levels of hepcidin, ferritin, iron, Total Iron Binding Capacity and Hemoglobin. Results: The results were statistically analyzed. Mann whitney U test performed to check for the statistical significance for differences in mean between the groups. The mean hepcidin values for the control group was 800.55 ± 503.50 and the study group was 1106.68 ± 826.25 and was found to be statistically significant with a p-value of 0.03. There was positive correlation of hepcidin with ferritin and Transferrin Saturation. Conclusion: Hepcidin is recognized as the key regulator of systemic iron homeostasis. The measurement of hepcidin in biological fluids is therefore a promising tool in the diagnosis and management of medical conditions in which iron metabolism is affected. Keywords: Ferroportin, Ferritin, Obesity, Hepcidin, Iron.

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Introduction: Prevalence of extended spectrum beta lactamase producing bacteria has been increasing worldwide despite of outbreak situations. ESBLs occupying the gastrointestinal tract are spread across other bacteria and humans through the environment. The present study is a report on the prevalence of ESBL producers among normal individuals of a rural population in south India. Materials and Methods: 1000 normal individuals were selected from the villages of Salem district. Stool samples were collected and processed in MacConkey agar plates supplemented with Cefotaxime 5ug/ml. Morphological and biochemical methods were used to identify the colonies initially. ESBL producing organisms were identified by Double Disk Synergy Test – DDST and Phenotypic Confirmatory Disk Diffusion test- PCDDT. Results: From the total number of samples, 37.9% has shown bacterial growth. The rate of ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae was found to be 33.8% with E.coli (29.3%) being the predominant species followed by klebsiella (8.6%). Conclusion: The results of our study gives a brief information about the multidrug resistance and also the prevalence of ESBL producing bacteria in the community faecal flora. Phenotypic methods were successfully applied to screen large number of samples. The rate of ESBL producers in the community is notably high. Routine surveillance programmes and awareness of hygienic practices among the rural population are highly recommended to monitor and control the spread. Keywords: Beta lactams, E.coli, Enterobacteriaceae, Klebsiella.  

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