G Srinivasan

Abstract

Objectives: To analyze the visual outcome in patients with pseudoexfoliation and to know the surgical parameters to cogitate in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Materials and Methods: An Observational study which was conducted in the Ophthalmology department in a tertiary care hospital in a rural area from June 2019 to December 2019. A total of 52 eyes of 52 patients aged 40 years and above, of either sex, clinically diagnosed with senile cataract and associated with pseudoexfoliation were enrolled in the study. After assessing best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), a detailed anterior and posterior segment examination was performed along with lacrimal sac syringing, manual keratometry, contact A-scan biometry and intraocular lens (IOL) power was calculated. All patients underwent manual small incision cataract surgery under peribulbar anaesthesia and intraocular lens was implanted. Intraoperative complications were noted during the surgery and was reported .Best corrected visual acuity was recorded on day 1, at 1week and at 1 month of follow up. Results: Out of 52eyes of 52 patients, 29 were females (55.76%) and 38 eyes (73.07%) exhibited bilateral involvement. Distribution of the PXF material in various ocular structures was observed and majority of them (36.53%) had PXF material equally in iris, pupillary margin and lens. Based on the morphology of cataract associated with psudoexfoliation, nuclear cataract was the most commonly observed in 16 eyes (30.76%) and 42 eyes (80.76%) had moderate pupillary dilatation. The intraoperative difficulties observed during cataract surgery was poor pupillary dilatation which was managed by controlled sphincterotomy during the surgery in 3 eyes (5.76%), Iridiodialysis, rhexis extension, zonular dialysis each in 1 eye and posterior capsular rent in 2 eyes. Around 92.30% of the total study population achieved post-operative BCVA of 6/12 or better at 1month of follow up. Decreased visual acuity was noted in 2 (3.84%) eyes due to persistent corneal edema, one eye (1.92%) had posterior capsular opacification and one eye (1.92%) had cystoid macular edema. Conclusion: This study concludes that with careful preoperative assessment and necessary intraoperative precautions, good visual outcome can be achieved in patients with cataract with pseudoexfoliation.   Keywords: Pseudoexfoliation, Cataract, Small incision cataract surgery, Visual outcome, Posterior capsule rupture, Management of pseudoexfoliation

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Abstract

Objective: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing globally and a range of ocular conditions with sight threatening complications due to diabetes are known to occur. Aim of this study is to evaluate diabetes related ocular changes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a tertiary care hospital. Design: Observational study. Materials and Methods: Study was conducted with a total number of 90 patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in a tertiary care hospital. Patients aged 40 to 70 years with duration of diabetes mellitus of more than 5 years were included. They underwent a detailed fundus examination and ocular evaluation which included refraction, Schirmer’s test, corneal sensitivity, Applanation tonometry, gonioscopy along with systemic investigations and the observed findings were recorded. Results: It was noted that among the study population, majority of them (42.2%) were in the age group between 51-60 years and men (54.4%) were more in number than females (45.5%). Diabetic retinopathy was the most common ocular manifestation (47.7%) followed by cataract (44.4%), cranial nerve palsy(16.6%) and glaucoma (16.6%). Conclusion: These ocular findings suggest that regular screening and eye examinations of diabetic patients is mandatory to reduce the burden of visual impairment. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Diabetic eye diseases, Diabetic retinopathy, Ocular manifestation.

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