Helen Rosita J

Abstract

Introduction: Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness, one of the risk factor recognised being high myopia. Intra ocular pressure may be normal in myopic patients, with optic nerve head glaucoma characteristics. Eye ball elongation and optic nerve head tilting may be present in patients with high myopia that will represent field defects mimicking glaucoma. Treating patients with myopia having suspected aspects of glaucoma may be a challenge but even more challenging is the diagnosis of glaucoma in myopic patients. Aims: To evaluate the association of glaucoma features with myopia. To create the awareness regarding the long term follow up. Materials and Methods : Patients in the age group of 15 to 45 years who had attended our institution over a period of one year who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were subjected for this study. Fifty four patients who were diagnosed to have moderate or high degree myopia were selected for this analytical study. They were subjected to vision, ocular examination, tonometry and results obtained were analysed. Results : In our study moderate myopes constituted 55.5% and high myopes were 44.5%. The mean Intra ocular pressure and the mean corrected Intra ocular pressure in high myopes were observed to be higher than in moderate myopia. It was observed that higher prevalence of glaucoma was observed in high myopes. Conclusion : There is a clinically as well as statistically significant difference between mean Intra ocular pressure and mean corrected Intra ocular pressure. So mean corrected Intra ocular pressure should be measured .From our study, there is a clear indication that there is increased prevalence of glaucoma in high myopes.   Keywords: High myopia, Moderate myopia, Intraocular pressure, Glaucomatous optic disc changes, Visual field charts

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Abstract

Introduction: The eye because of its location in the head and its proximity and neuronal connection with the brain, makes it more vulnerable in head injuries. An increase in the affordability and the attitude of younger generation has lead to the increased incidence of head injuries. Most of the times the ophthalmic manifestations are missed in early stages, where life saving assures the prime importance. This results in grave ocular complications when the patient survives. Aim: Various patterns of ophthalmic manifestations following head injury are studied. The grave situations are explored and importance of safety measures may be emphasized. Materials and Methods: All patients who sustained head injury with ophthalmic manifestations were enrolled in this study. They were subjected to thorough clinical evaluation, tests for visual acuity, color vision, examination with slit lamp, ophthalmoscope, ultrasound b scan, gonioscopy and various imaging techniques, other specialty opinion was also obtained whenever required. Results: Distribution of cases according to the age, sex, mode of injury, laterality of the eyes was studied. Various ophthalmic presentations associated involvement of the orbital walls and cranial nerves were analyzed. Visual acuity at the time of presentation was correlated. Conclusion: The common mode of head injury which had considerable morbidity was found to be Road traffic accident. Precautionary measures should be initiated that may decrease these kinds of morbidities. These patients should be properly evaluated, monitored and managed. Keywords: Head injury, Road traffic accidents, Vitreous hemorrhage, Traumatic optic neuropathy, Orbital wall fractures

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Abstract

Introduction: Ocular trauma is one of the major causes of preventable childhood blindness in the world. Ocular injuries lead to visual disability, cosmetic problems and psychosomatic abnormalities. Aim and Objective: To study the prevalence and characteristics of ocular trauma in school going children. Materials and Methods: This hospital based analytical study included the school going children presented with ocular trauma at the tertiary eye care hospital. A study proforma was used to obtain various socio-demographic information, detailed history and relevant findings on ocular examination. Descriptive and comparative analyses were performed. Results: One hundred and twenty patients with ocular injuries in the age group five to eighteen (5-18) were examined. Maximum of Sixty three (63) cases were recorded in the age group of Eleven to Fifteen (11-15) years. 81.6% of the cases were boys, 35 patients had accidental fall injury, 17 patients had road traffic accidents, and 6 cases had posterior segment involvement. One hundred and six of the patients had closed globe injury; Twenty seven (27) patients had a visual acuity of less than 6/60 at the time of presentation. Twenty one (21) patients had a final visual outcome of 6/60 or less at the end of one year. Keywords: Accidental fall, Ocular Trauma, Road traffic accidents, School going children, Visual disability.

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