Shipra Shrivastava

Abstract

Objective: To determine the incidence of HBV and HCV in pediatric ward in Rajeev Gandhi General Hospital and College, Bhopal. (M.P.) Viral hepatitis caused by HCV and HBV represents a major public health problem in India. These viruses share common modes of transmission, as parenteral route. Materials and Methods: Hospital base study of pediatric cases admitted to hospital during a period from March 2019 to February 2020. Pediatric cases were studied for the incidence of HBsAg and HCV Ab by ELISA, Rapid technique. The positive result was confirmed with line immuno-assay. Results: the study showed positive HBsAg in 12 patients and HCV in 2 cases out 25 cases represented with acute hepatitis from a total of 1762 pediatric cases were submitted in this study, with incidence rate of 0.68% and 0.11% respectively. Conclusion: The incidence of HBV and HCV are low, therefore active program need to be applied to control the spread of infection among the population. Keywords: HBsAG, HCV, ELISA, Childhood, Adolescent

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Abstract

Background: This study was conducted to determine the bacterial contamination in door handles of washrooms of a hospital, to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates. Plasmid profile was done to observe the presence or absence of plasmid among isolated bacteria from door handles of washrooms of a hospital. Materials and Methods: Washrooms of four different wards of a hospital were included in this study. Manual of Systematic Bacteriology and antibiotic susceptibility test was done by Kirby-Bauer method. Plasmid extraction was done according to modified hot alkaline method and staining technique and biochemixcal testing. Results: Out of the 16 samples processed, 16 (100%) of them showed bacterial growth. A total of forty three (43) isolates were obtained. The bacteria isolated were spp. (37.21%), spp.(18.6%), .(16.28%), Fecal Coliform (13.95%), Micrococcus spp.(6.98%), spp.(4.65%), spp.(2.33%).Plasmid profiling revealed (11 out of 43) bacterial isolates contained 1 or more plasmids with different profiles.. Among the 43 isolates, 83.72% were found resistant to more than two antibiotics. Highest resistance percentage of the isolates was observed against Penicillin G (95.35%) followed by SXT (74.42%) and amoxicillin (65.12%), rifampicin (55.81%), tetracycline (18.60%), ciprofloxacin (23.26%), chloramphenicol (4.65%), gentamycin, (2.33%) and streptomycin (6.98%). Conclusion: Findings of this study indicate the presence of bacterial strains resistant to more than two antibiotics in door handles of washrooms of a hospital which can serve as potential source of diseases.   Keywords: Door handle, Gram staining, Antibiotics, Susceptibility

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