Avineet Kaur

The success of any endodontics therapy depends on, the diagnosis, treatment planning, access cavity preparation, maintenance and shaping following the canal obturation. Access is the initial and mainly crucial point of root canal treatment. For a good endodontic results well-designed access preparation is required. Perforations are a possible complication during root canal treatment. An assortment of materials including, calcium hydroxide, amalgam, glass ionomer, zinc oxide–eugenol and resin modified GI are being used for perforations. The idyllic material for treating perforations should be radiopaque and nonabsorbable. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) with distinctiveness are as with high-quality outcomes in repair perforations. The idea of this case series is to explain the handling of furcal perforation. Keywords: ­ Furcal perforations, MTA, MTA Bio, Endodontic re­treatment, Healing

Human identification is most challenging field in forensics. Scrutiny of the fingerprints ,teeth and DNA comparison are commonly used techniques, thus allowing quicker and secure fast and identification processes. Palatal rugae markings are unique to an individual and are stable throughout the life. Rugae don’t undergo any changes apart from in length throughout the life. Thuspalatoscopy or palatal rugoscopy is used as an aid in forensic investigations. Keywords: Palatoscopy, Rugoscopy, Rugae pattern, Identification

Local anesthetic agents are widely used in dentistry. It has major role in all field of dentistry especially in oral surgery, Pediatrics, Endodontics, Periodontics etc. The only drawback associated with LA is that occurrence of soft tissue anaesthesia can persist for three to five hours, while the procedure itself usually lasts for less than an hour. Patients experience limitation of function in terms of speech difficulty, drinking neating etc. All these events leave negative impact on minds of patients; hence they avoid visiting dental offices. In order to reverse these events, a new drug named OraVerse (phentolamine mesylate) is available to us. This drug is known for its LA reversal ability and effects of local dental anaesthetic. Keywords: Dental local anesthesia, Local anesthesia reversal, Phentolamine mesylate

In olden days people use to think toilet cleaner can clean now we are presenting a case what has happened with a myth. Whitening tooth with a toilet cleaner (Hydrochloric Acid) is a rare case. In our case report patient has brushed his teeth with toilet cleaner. Dental erosion is the deprivation of exterior tooth structure. There is no involvement of bacteria during erosion process. Literature witnessed many causes of erosion but this cause is rarest of rare. This report encourages proper patient education at both urban and rural levels. Keywords: Dental erosion, Toliet cleaner, Chemicals, Demineralizing.

Background: Gingival anatomic factors, chronic trauma, periodontitis, and tooth alignment are the main conditions leading to gingival recession. The present study was conducted to compare the root coverage of localized GR using modified coronally advanced flap (CAF) and root conditioning with 24% EDTA when performed under magnification and without magnification. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 30 patients with Miller’s Class I and II GR. Patients were divided into 2 groups i.e 15 in each group. Group I (Coronally advanced flap with microsurgery) was test group and group II (Coronally advanced flap with macrosurgical approach) was control. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), pocket probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) width of keratinized gingival, recession width and recession depth was recorded in both groups at baseline 1and 3 months for the test and control group. Visual analog scale (VAS) was used to record pain postoperatively on 3rd and 7th day of the surgery. CAF and root conditioning were done with 24% EDTA. Surgical procedure at test site was carried under magnification 3.5 and at control site was done without magnification. Results: The mean gingival index at baseline in group I was 0.45 and in group II was 0.66, PI was 0.86 ingroup I and 0.86 in group II, clinical attachment level was 3.02 in group I and 3.34 in group II, PD was 0.76 in group I and 0.74 in group II, width of keratinized tissue 4.20 in group I and 3.26 in group II, recession depth was 2.54 in group I and 2.68 in group II and recession width was 3.60 in group I and 3.68 in group II. There was alteration in mean GI, PI, CAL, PD, width of keratinized tissue, recession depth and recession width between both groups recorded at 1 month. Significant reduction was found in GI, CAL, width of keratinized tissue, recession depth and recession width in both groups (P< 0> Conclusion: Authors found that microsurgery had less postoperative pain and discomfort when compared to macrosurgical approach. The use of the microscope augments the results, but obtaining an expertise in using needs a lot of practice. Keywords: Gingival recession, Microsurgery, Pain.

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of supporting structures of teeth. Macular degeneration which is a common cause of blindness in older population is found to be associated with periodontitis. This systematic review summaries the findings concerning the relation between periodontitis and macular degeneration. Keywords: Periodontitis, Macular degeneration, Older population.

Genetics and epigenetics is the process of gene expression or suppression through polymorphism, demethylation, and deacetylation. Although Periodontal diseases are bacterial infections predominantly gram negative anaerobic bacteria that colonize the sub gingivaly in return triggering an inflammatory response which affect the periodontium; whereas periodontitis is a periodontal disease which destroys the tissue and bone that surrounds the tooth. In adults periodontitis is at helm of tooth loss. Pathogenic microrgansims are considered as the primary aetiological factor, but the disease progression is also influenced by Genotype and Phenotype of various individuals. Phenotypic factors such as race, diabetes, gender, education, smoking etc. have sweeping effects on the epigenetic changes and impel susceptibility to disease. Epigenetic modifications expression occur in response to environmental changes. Keywords: Epigentics, Genotype, Periodontitis.