Lakshmi Agarwal

Intravascular large B cell lymphoma is a very rare neoplasm of prostate. It is important to identify this entity and differentiate this from prostatic adenocarcinoma as treatment is different. Here we present a rare case of primary intravascular large B cell lymphoma of the prostate.   Keywords: Lymphoma, Rare, Intravascular, Biopsy

Introduction: Tubercular pleural effusion is the second most common extrapulmonary form of tuberculosis in India. It poses several health challenges in a developing country like India which has limited resources, for developing appropriate methods to diagnose. Aim: The objective of the study was to determine the role of cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test (CBNAAT) in the diagnosis of tubercular pleural effusion (TPE) and compare it with the diagnostic utility of Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) and lymphocyte counts in pleural fluid. Methods: Total 100 patients were selected from July 2019 to December 2019. Pleural fluid was collected in sterile container. Gene/xpert, Adenosine deaminase, total leukocytes count and lymphocytes percentage were evaluated. Results: It was found that high leukocytes count and lymphocyte predominance was present in >80% of the patient. Mean ADA was 68.7 U/L 13.2 (SD). CBNAAT was positive in 30 patients. Acid fast bacilli stain was negative in the entire patient. Conclusion: The usefulness of Xpert MTB/RIF to diagnose pleural TB is limited by its poor sensitivity. A high ADA40 U/L in combination with Light’s criteria to define exudates, with lymphocyte predominance is sufficient evidence to diagnose tuberculous pleural effusion and initiate anti-tubercular therapy, thereby deferring the need to perform an invasive pleural biopsy. Keywords: Tuberculosis, Xpert MTB/RIF, Adenosine deaminase, Lymphocytes, Pleural fluid.

Introduction: Lymphadenopathy is frequent in persons with HIV infection, occurring either as one of the earliest manifestations of infection or as a finding at any time during the course of disease. The evaluation of lymph node morphology has been one approach to diagnosis and in understanding the nature of the immune dysfunction in these conditions. Aim: To identify the various causes of lymphadenitis and evaluate the various morphologic patterns in HIV positive patients with lymphadenopathy. Materials and Methods: Total eighty lymph node biopsies were examined. Six lymph nodes were found to be inadequate. The precise history of the patients which included ESR, fever, opportunistic infection, any other complaints, CD4+, CD8+ counts were noted. The different histological changes in the lymph nodes were evaluated. Special stain was used to detect the microorganisms. Results: Reactive hyperplasia was the most common cause of lymphadenitis. Type B pattern was seen in most of the patients. The type of pattern correlated with the CD4 counts. Tuberculosis was the most common opportunistic infection. Conclusion: Lymph nodes biopsy is a valuable tool in the evaluation of HIV positive patients to identify the cause of lymphadenopathy. Keywords: Lymph nodes, Reactive changes, Opportunistic infection, Tuberculosis.

Liposarcoma is one of the commonest malignancies of adipose tissue. It occurs rarely in oral cavity. Due to its rarity, it possesses a diagnostic challenge to both the clinician and pathologist. But awareness about this entity can help in diagnosing this lesion and thereby decreasing the mortality and morbidity of the patients. We present a case report of myxoid liposarcoma in a 55 years old male, treated with surgery followed by radiotherapy. The patient is followed up for 3 years and is free of disease. Keywords: Oral cavity, Liposarcoma, Rare, Morphology, Surgery.

Endoscopy guided biopsy plays an important role in diagnosing lesion of upper GIT tract. It is safe, cost effective and is a day care procedure. Most of the patient with GIT malignancy are asymptomatic or has no specific symptoms in early stage and are often diagnosed in advanced stage. Punch biopsy of the lesion under endoscopy guidance and its histopathological evaluation helps in diagnosing this. The current study is done to study the histomorphological spectrum of upper GIT lesion and its correlation with the endoscopy findings. Keywords: Endoscopy, GIT, Biopsy, Histopathology.

Introduction: Coronaviruses had a wide range of symptoms from asymptomatic to severe illness and has caused significant morbidity and death among large population infected with this virus. Aims and Objectives: To correlate CT severity score with each blood parameter like (TLC counts, Absolute neutrophil count, Absolute lymphocyte count, neutrophilic/lymphocytic ratio, quantitative D-dimer, ferritin, CRP, IL-6 and LDH). To assess diagnostic and prognostic significance of each parameter in predicting severity of disease. Materials and Methods: The present study was a 1-year prospective, a hospital-based study from 1 August 2020 to 31 July 2021 and included 100, COVID-19 confirmed cases. The clinical, radiological and laboratory reports were collected. The CT score were compared with different blood parameters. The results were analyzed statistically using correlation coefficient(r). Results and Observations: 27 patients having a CT severity score 1-10 were graded in mild category. 27 patients having CT severity score 11-15 were graded in moderate category.34 patients having CT severity score 16- 20 were graded as severe.12 patients having CT severity score 21-25 were graded as very severe. The present study showed raised TLC count > 11000 / µl in 35% patients suffering from COVID -19. Absolute neutrophil count > 7000/µl was seen in 50 % patients. 65% patients showed Absolute lymphocyte count 3.5 was seen in 83% patients. Raised D-Dimer >500 ng/ml was observed in 74 % patients. 92 % subjects showed raised Serum ferritin >150ng/ml. IL-6 >10pg/ml was seen in 92 % patients. Q-CRP >10 mg/l was seen in 97 % patients. Conclusion: HRCT chest severity score of patients with COVID-19 has positive correlation with various laboratory parameters and hence can be used as an indicator of disease severity. It can play a vital role in the management of COVID-19 and should be used for comprehensive evaluation.   Keywords: COVID­19, SARS­Cov­2, ACE­2, ANC, N/L ratio, LDH