Rakesh Pandit

Abstract

India is fastest growing large economy in the world, it still popularly known as the country of villages. Digital marketing industry in India is a booming career today. In a country with a rapid growth economy, it is expected to have a very high significant growth in Digital marketing career. The growth in the digital marketing trends is making a very substantial impact on marketing and advertisement. Digital Marketing industry in India is spread to almost all the business sectors. Some of the applications of E-Marketing are shopping and order tracking, online banking, payment systems and content management.  The power of digital marketing allows geophysical barriers to disappear making all consumers and businesses on earth potential customers and suppliers. It is known for its ability to allow business to communicate and form a transaction anywhere and anytime. Keywords: Digital marketing, Technology and rural marketing, E-marketing.

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Abstract

Necessary steps to ensure that we are prepared well to face the challenge and threat posed by the growing pandemic of COVID-19 the Coronavirus with active support of the peoples of India. We have been able to contain the spread of the Virus in our country. The most important factor is preventing the spread of the virus locally is to empower the citizens with the right information and taking precaution as per the advisories. Keywords: COVID-19, Coronavirus, Immunization, Distancing, Healthcare provider.

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Background: Brachial plexus block is widely used as an efficient and cost effective alternative to general anesthesia for upper limb surgeries. A variety of adjuvants to local anesthetics have been used and compared, however, drugs which prolong the duration of anaesthesia and analgesia are being constantly studied for patient satisfaction and cost effectiveness. Materials and Methods: Prospective, Interventional, Randomised study was conducted over 105 patients scheduled for elective upper limb surgeries under brachial plexus block, who were randomly allocated into three groups of 35 patients each. Group I- Bupivacaine with Tramadol, Group II- Bupivacaine with Dexamethasone and Group III- Bupivacaine alone. The time of onset and duration of sensory and motor block was noted. Hemodynamic variables were measured from baseline until the use of first rescue analgesic. The statistical analysis was done using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 15.0 statistical analysis software. Results: Onset of sensory and motor blockade was significantly earlier in Group II (9±1.83 min) and (14.14±3.53min) as compared to Group I (11.94 ±2.59min) and (22.86±3.70min) and Group III(19±5.26min) and (27.14±4.07min). The requirement of first rescue analgesic was significantly earlier in Group III patients (211.43±23.25 min) followed by Group I (397±20.15 min) and last in Group II (632.43±23.15 min). Conclusion: Bupivacaine with Dexamethasone provided an early onset of sensory and motor blockade with maximum duration of blockade requiring rescue analgesic at a much later time period compared to Bupivacaine with Tramadol and Bupivacaine alone when used in supraclavicular brachial plexus block.   Keywords: Brachial plexus block, Bupivacaine, Tramadol, Dexamethasone.

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Social Fear Learning (SFL), the mechanism through which people develop fear by watching others, is an important focus in life sciences, particularly for comprehending the origins of anxiety disorders and the passing of trauma across generations. This study explores the molecular foundations of SFL, emphasizing the identification of crucial brain areas and genes that play a role in this mechanism. An extensive examination of current literature indicated the participation of the amygdala, prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, anterior cingulate cortex, and insular cortex in SFL. In these areas, particular genes such as Lsamp, Hpcal4, Kif2a, Nsf, Ppid (found in the amygdala), and ADAR3 and CREBRF (located in the hippocampus) were identified, and their roles in forming fear memory, synaptic function, and processing emotions were studied. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were developed to clarify the molecular framework of these genes. The results emphasize the interrelated functions of particular brain areas and gene networks in influencing how beings perceive threats via social signals, providing a basis for upcoming molecular and behavioral studies in disorders linked to fear and anxiety. This research fills the gap in comprehending the molecular processes of SFL, opening possibilities for therapeutic strategies as Regenerative Medicine aimed at addressing dysfunctional social learning. Keywords: Social fear learning, Regenerative medicine, Fear conditioning, Vicarious fear learning, Social cognition.

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