K Vani

Abstract

Objective: In genetically diabetes-prone populations, maternal diabetes during pregnancy increases the risk of their children developing diabetes and obesity (the vicious cycle of type 2 diabetes). Fetal hyperinsulinemia at birth acts as a marker of this risk. The objective of this study is to find out whether cord blood leptin concentrations are increased in offspring of mothers with type 2 and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to evaluate gender differences if any, in their levels. Materials and Methods: Cord Serum Leptin measured by ELISA: 1. Cord Blood from 40 babies (20M, 20F) born to GDM Mothers. 2: Cord Blood from 20 babies (9M, 11F) born to Type 2 DM Mothers. 3. Cord Blood from 30 babies (15M, 15F) born to Non Diabetic Mothers. Results: Babies born to mothers with both type 2 diabetes and GDM had higher birth weight. They also had higher Leptin concentrations [ng/ml] compared to Controls; Leptin concentrations in Type 2 Diabetes -Mean [42.32+24.09], in GDM – Mean [40.31+22.71] & in Control subjects – Mean [23.87+15.48]. Birth weight of the female babies were also higher than that of male babies.Leptin concentrations were not significantly higher in the female babies in comparison to the male babies. Conclusion: High cord leptin, birth weight and ponderal index (kilograms per cm), in babies born to Type 2 diabetes and GDM mothers.   Keywords: Leptin, Ponderal Index, Type2 DM, GDM

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Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by high blood sugar levels and this chronic hyperglycemia is responsible for most of the complications of the disease. Glycated haemoglobin or HbA1C is a marker of this hyperglycemia and its complications. The aim of this study is to find out the correlation between HbA1C and FBS, PPBS and hence its effectiveness in assessing the glycemic contol in type 2 diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study, FBS, PPBS and HbA1C values were recorded in the study population which includes 605 type 2 diabetic patients visiting the hospital. FBS and PPBS were estimated using GOD- POD method. HbA1C was analyzed using particle enhanced immunoturbidimetric method and the data analysed and correlated with FBS and PPBS. Results: There was a significant correlation between FBS, PPBS and HbA1C in the study population. It has also been found that PPBS shows a marginally better correlation(0.79) with HbA1C than FBS(0.77). This emphasizes the role of HbA1C as an indicator of blood glucose control, as it correlates well with FBS and PPBS. Conclusion: Maintenance of strict glycemic control retards the development of complications of diabetes, which improves the quality of life of a diabetic patient. This glycemic control can be assessed with reasonable accuracy using HbA1C, as it has been found to correlate well with FBS and PPBS levels, more so with the PPBS levels. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, FBS(Fasting Blood Sugar), HbA1c, Hyperglycemia, PPBS (Post Prandial Blood Sugar).

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