Boinapalli Sudhakar

Abstract

Objectives: The objective of present study to find out women for precancerous lesions with the help of pap smear test as early identification marker. Determine the percentage of cervical cancer in relationship with demographic, education and occupation. To find out pap smear effectiveness in various infections. To find out correlation pap smear findings with symptoms. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study involving the screening of women from the rural population of Siddipet district for the assessment of health status using pap smear test who have attended the outpatient department of Obstetrics and Gynecology conducted during the period of August 2019 to May 2021. Results and Discussion: The present study included 1500 Pap smears, of which the most common abnormality was inflammatory smear, which is followed by atrophic smear. Among all the study respondent’s majority (64.5%) of the women were home makers and not working, remaining participants were either self employed or working women. Percentage of abnormal smear reports was reported in group 2 (31-40 years) subjects followed by group 3 (41-50 years) women. In 22 patients, Atypical Squamous Cell of Undetermined Significance (ASCUS) was observed. The present study reported very less cervical cancer prevalence in our study population. Conclusion: Pap smear testing is a sensitive and effective screening test which can be used for identification of precancerous epithelial lesions. Pap smear test should be recognized as a routine screening method to decrease Mortality and Morbidity due to the cervical cancer. This study also regard us as paps smear is a gold standard for cervical screening. This study also suggests that every woman above the age 30 years should undergo screening programs for cervical cancers. So Morbidity and Mortality due to cervical cancers can be prevented by early identification of cervical cancer by doing screening at regular intervals.   Keywords: Pap smear screening, Ascus.

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Abstract

Introduction: Quality failures in clinical biochemistry laboratory have an adverse impact on patient care. Identification and correction of the quality failures are essential to decrease risk and improve patient safety in hospital. Materials and Methods: This study was assessed over 14 months from January 2017 to February 2018. A designed ‘Quality enquiry forms’ were introduced to report quality failures which prioritize corrective action. Quality failures were categorized in three phases: preanalytical, analytical and postanalytical with subcategories in each phase. Quality failures were graded on the basis of actual (‘A’ score) and potential (‘P’ score) adverse outcome on patient care using 5 point scoring system. Results: The numbers of quality failures reported were 453 (0.53%) out of 84,569 requisites received by the clinical biochemistry laboratory, during this entire study period. Quality failures were reported as 50.3%, 5.1% and 44.6% in preanalytical, analytical and postanalytical phases respectively. Quality failure severity ‘A’ score was tilted towards lower side: 58.5% allocated an ‘A’ score of 1 (least severe grade), while for the ‘P’ score towards higher side: 45.5% allocated a ‘P’ score of 5 (most severe grade). Conclusion: Quality enquiry reporting system is an effective method for recognition of quality failures in clinical biochemistry laboratory. Systematic approach in this study encompasses a multifaceted strategy for error analysis based on error detection and prevention. Keywords: Quality failure, Systematic approach, Error, Clinical biochemistry laboratory.

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