Nebu George Thomas

Abstract

Periodontitis is a disease with a high prevalence among adults. If not treated, it can lead to loss of teeth. New attachment with periodontal regeneration is the ideal outcome of periodontal therapy since it results in reconstruction of the periodontium. The biological regenerative potential of the periodontium is high, and hence the bone grafts can be utilized to improve the outcome of periodontal therapy. The different bone replacement used in periodontology analyzed in this review are: autograft, allograft, alloplasts and xenografts. There has been a recent increase in interest in using xenografts in periodontal regeneration. Xenograft materials generally are biocompatible and widely accepted. When compared to open flap debridement, treatment of intrabony, furcation defects, sinus lift and socket preservation using xenografts are gaining increasing attention. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the different bone replacement grafts used in periodontal regeneration, methods of bone formation and fabrication of scaffolds. Emphasis is placed on the xenografts; its different sources and also the applications of xenografts used in periodontal regeneration.   Keywords: Bone graft, Xenograft, Scaffolds, Three dimensional printing

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Abstract

Periodontal diseases such as gingivitis and periodontitis leads to degradation of periodontal tissues, causing tooth movement, and eventually tooth loss. Regenerative periodontal therapies aim to promote the healing and regeneration of the damaged periodontal tissues. These therapies focus on restoring the lost periodontal structures, including the gum tissue, periodontal ligament, and bone, to a functional state. To promote periodontal regeneration and healing, the application of biologic modifiers such as growth factors has been investigated. Biologic modifiers-primarily growth factors are basically proteins that may act locally or systemically to affect the growth and function of cells in various ways.These agents act by anabolic bone formation, angiogenesis, cementogenesis, osteoblast differentiation mitosis, chemo taxis, and other processes that improve the healing environment.When deciding on which biologic modifier to use, it is important to consider the evidence supporting its effectiveness and safety, as well as the specific clinical scenario of the patient.   Keywords: Bone graft, Bone modifiers, Inorganic ions, Periodontal Regeneration

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