Chris Cherian Geogi

The field of dentistry is constantly changing with the introduction of new materials and techniques that resulted in good treatment outcome.Bio-ceramics are amongst the recently introduced materials which have changed the face of dentistry. Bioceramics are biocompatible, nontoxic, non-shrinking and usually chemically stable within the biological environment.The development of bioceramic based materials has greatly improved the dentist’s possibilities to successfully treat cases such as pulp capping, pulpotomy, apexification, apicoectomy and repair of defects caused by accidental perforation and resorption. The application of bioceramic materials has changed both surgical and non- surgical endodontic treatment, providing a promising direction for the preservation of patients’ teeth.   Keywords: Bioceramics, Endoddontics, Cements, Sealers, Biomaterial

Loop mechanics is a determinate force system if used in the right way. Understanding the mechanics is of prime importance while dealing with loop mechanics. The moment to force ratio determines the type of movement. To move teeth in a predictable manner, a thorough control on moment to force ratio is necessary. This can be done with the help of closing loops. A thorough understanding of the M/F ratio is required for the correct clinical application of the loops.   Keywords: Loop mechanics, Frictionless mechanics, Biomechanics of loops

Objectives: To provide a assortment of the various methods as of how the dogma of molar protraction is achieved. Materials and Methods: Orthodontically relevant sources of information were searched using electronic databases including PubMed and Google Scholar and current reports. Results: Due to the rapidly evolving new techniques in Orthodontics various methods have been explored and much is left to be disclosed. Conclusion: Keeping in mind the various methods through which one can approach Molar protraction, one should always check on the ease of the procedure avoiding dexterity for the clinician and also patient compliance must be seen. Over all the efficiency lies in the hand of the clinician more than the technique itself. Keywords: Molar protraction, Biomechanics of molar protraction.

Introduction: The infectious agent of this viral pneumonia happening in Wuhan was finally identified as a novel coronavirus (2019-nCOV), the 7th member of the family of coronaviruses that infect humans widely known as Covid-19. The common transmission routes of novel coronavirus include direct transmission like cough, sneeze, and droplet inhalation transmission and contact transmission contact with oral, nasal, and eye mucous membranes. Live viruses (COVID-19) were isolated from the saliva. Hence, healthcare workers particularly the dental professionals are at more risk. Objective: An overview of how-to setup the dental office so as to minimize the risk of transmission while simultaneously carrying out the necessary treatment procedures. Conclusion: A proper management and setup of the dental office and treatment planning along with strict categorisation of patients is necessary for a successful and safe practice during Covid times. Keywords: Dentistry covid, Dental covid setup, Covid and dental.

Objectives: To provide a comprehensive summary of the implications of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS) infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on orthodontic treatment, contingency management, and provision of emergency orthodontic treatment, using currently available data and literature. Materials and Methods: Orthodontically relevant sources of information were searched using electronic databases including PubMed and Google Scholar and current reports from major health bodies such as Centers of Disease Control and Prevention, World Health Organization, Dental council of India and major national orthodontic associations. Results: Due to the rapidly evolving nature of COVID-19 and limitations in quality of evidence, a narrative synthesis was undertaken. Relevant to orthodontics, human-to human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 occurs predominantly through the respiratory tract via droplets, secretions and or direct contact, where the virus enters the mucous membrane of the mouth, nose, and eyes. Conclusions: During the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, elective orthodontic treatment should be suspended. Emergency orthodontic treatment can be provided by following a contingency plan founded on effective communication and triage. Treatment advice should be delivered remotely first when possible, and where necessary, in-person treatment can be performed in a well-prepared operatory following the necessary measures. Keywords: Covid19, Dental setup, PPE, Orthodontic procedures.