Swati Raj

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women, accounting for 14 % of all cancers in India; it accounts for < 1> Material and Methods: A total number of 75 cases are included in the study, out of which 34 are reported by two histopathologists as invasive carcinoma NST (ductal) and 41 reported as Fibroadenoma. All the cases included in the study are females. Immunohistochemistry for p53 and Survivin performed in both the groups with positive and negative controls. Cytoplasmic or nuclear IHC expression for Survivin is considered to be positive. Whereas, nuclear positivity is considered for p53. A semi quantitative scoring system performed consisting of intensity and % of positive cells. Results: The expression of Survivin and p53 is found to be high in IDC, 79% and 85% respectively. The correlation is found to be significant (p value = 0.002, Spearman Rho correlation). However, the expression of Survivin is seen in one third of all the cases of Fibroadenoma (37.5%) and p53 expression is expectedly low, seen in 12% cases. Conclusion: Over expression of Survivin in IDC patients compared to benign cases is found to be correlated with p53 expression. Though Survivin is likely to contribute to apoptosis resistance, its expression is found to confer resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy in IDC. Henceforth, Survivin over expression along with p53 in invasive breast carcinoma defining overall poor prognosis and low survival rates. Keywords: Immunohistochemistry, Breast Carcinoma, Survivin, p53

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The principal guidelines of healthcare ethics is first & foremost is that the patient’s welfare is paramount. Personnel working in clinical and/or research laboratories or engaged in biomedical sciences or research should be aware of their ethical responsibilities & comply with the ethical code of conduct all laboratories follow quality guidelines & maintain proper documentation. Corrective and Preventive Action(CAPA) is the key to maintain quality of testing & to prevent any medical negligence & report descrepancies. Henceforth, Clinical/Research laboratories should try to avoid circumstances or situations that give rise to a conflict of interest & unlawful act.   Keywords : Ethical, Medicine, Quality & clinical

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Parasitic infection becomes an unsolved problem in using of automated instruments for urinalysis. Most common parasitic infections described in literature are Trichomonas vaginalis, Schistosoma hematobium and Microfilaria. Other rare organisms are Balantidium coli and Paramecium. The main purpose of this article is to raise the awareness in pathologists and clinicians on the importance of cytological evaluation of urine. This study was done to find the associations between the age and point prevalence of organisms in our zone in the last 6 years. Identification of parasites in centrifuged deposits of urine sediment is a relatively rare occurrence in clinical practice. A fairly wide morphological spectrum of parasites may be diagnosed through microscopic examination of centrifuged urine sediment. They may present with symptoms like pyuria, hematuria, diarrhoea, burning micturition, itching and morphological awareness helps in prompt and effective management in most cases.   Keywords: Bcoli, Paramecium, T Vaginalis, Microfilaria, Urinary tract infection

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Abstract

Introduction: Umbilical tumours or lesions are rare; therefore, it is of outmost importance to navigate every umbilical nodule or growth cautiously. Only 10 cases have been reported to date. The present case has been diagnosed as congenital EIC in the umbilicus, the first time this has been reported in the archives. Case Report: A 5 year old female child with umbilical nodular swelling since birth presented to the surgery OPD.A clinical diagnosis of "umbilical adenoma" was made. An excisional biopsy with abdominoplasty was done under general anaesthesia, and the specimen was submitted for HPE. On gross examination, we received an umbilical stump measuring 1 x 1 x 0.4 cm. A raised, firm nodular swelling was noted on the umbilical knot along with keratin debris. On cut, it showed a well-circumscribed, tiny gray-white nodule measuring 0.5 x 0.4 cm. On microscopic examination, a diagnosis of “Umbilical Epidermal Inclusion Cyst”was given. Conclusion: Umbilical EIC is a rare entity that may present as an umbilical nodule and is detected in every age group with a female preponderance. Underlying etiopathogenesis can be congenital, idiopathic, or post-iatrogenic. Over 80% of the umbilical EIC is located above the fascia. The histopathological examination is the only modality that leads to an exact diagnosis and is considered the “gold standard” for detection of commonest cyst occurring in the rare site.   Keywords: Umbilical adenoma, Epidermal inclusion cyst, Histopathological examination

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