C V Anthrayose

Abstract

Aim: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of treatment by laser or Intravitreal anti VEGF- Bevacizumab (IVB) or combined therapy (both laser and anti-VEGF) in diabetic macular edema (DME). Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study in which 90 eyes with diabetic macular edema (DME) were enrolled. According to patient compliance, they were divided in to 3 groups where there was 30 eyes in each group. Patients with DME who were treated with laser were observed (group A). Patients with DME who were treated with Intravitreal Bevacizuamb (IVB) were observed (group B).Patients with DME who were treated with both IVB and Laser were observed (group C). All patients underwent complete ophthalmic examination at baseline and at one and three months after treatment. The outcome measures were changes in Central macular thickness(CMT) and best corrected visual acuity(BCVA). A P value less than 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: One month after treatment, Group B showed more statistically significant reduction in CMT and improvement in BCVA than group A and group C(P Conclusions: Combined therapy with IVB and laser appeared to be superior to Laser alone or IVB alone in reducing macular thickness and improving visual acuity. Thus combined therapy can be considered as most effective treatment in DME.   Keywords: Diabetic macular edema, Laser photoagulation, IVB, Combined therapy

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Abstract

Background: Increase in usage of digital devices and mandatory e-learning imposed during the Covid 19 pandemic curfew may have given rise to an emerging public health threat of digital eyestrain among undergraduate medical students in the state. The study aimed to assess the distribution of digital eyestrain among undergraduate medical students and to determine the association between digital eyestrain and screen time spent on different digital devices for e-learning and social media use. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional, questionnaire based online study was done on undergraduate medical students of a teaching hospital in Central Kerala during the month of October, 2020. Survey form included CVS-Q questionnaire, OSDI questionnaire and questions regarding screen time spent on different digital devices for e-learning and social media use. Result: Around three -fourth of the 113 participants experienced at least one symptom of digital eyestrain. Headache (76.1%) was the most common symptom followed by neck/shoulder/back pain (67.3%), tearing(49.6%), itching(48.7%), eye pain (41.6%) and increased sensitivity to light (38.1%).OSDI score revealed that 67.7% of the students had dry eye disease. Screen time of more than 6 hours spent on mobile/tablet was significantly associated with feeling of foreign body sensation, excessive blinking and itching. Lens /spectacle use was significantly associated with a feeling that eyesight is worsening and difficulty focusing for near vision. No association was seen between screen time spent for e- learning and digital eyestrain. Conclusion: Steps towards awareness and prevention of digital eyestrain should be taken to promote ocular health and to avoid this occupational hazard. Keywords: Computer vision syndrome, Covid 19, Digital eye strain, Digital screen, E-learning, Medical students, Ocular surface disease index, Questionnaire.

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