Mahesh Shivananjappa

is a valuable medicinal plant in the Solanaceae family. It is commonly known as Indian ginseng, Winter Cherry and is widely distributed around the globe. The plant is used traditional for its ameliorative properties against a human medical condition like cancer, diabetes, asthma, hypertension, stress, etc. Stress is a state of mental or emotional strain or tension, which can lead to underperformance and adverse clinical changes. is considered a potent adaptogen and anti-stress agent that could have some potential to improve physical and mental condition of a person. This review mainly focuses on anti-stress property. Keywords: Withania somnifera, Ashwagandha, Stress, Adaptogen, Anti­stress

Guduchi also known as having heart shaped leaves, belongs to family Menispermaceae native to Indian subcontinent. The aqueous and methanol stem extract of is being used for their Immunomodulatory activity as they revive immune imbalance which helps in preventing and healing many diseases. is intensively being studied for its immunomodulating effects because of its wide-ranging uses in treating diseases related to immune system in indigenous medicine. Various clinical trials for the treatment of HIV infection and other viral infections with TC is scientifically evaluated. In such conditions effective immune system is needed for curing the disease. has been proved for its ability to activate and modulate the immune system. Present paper is an attempt to assemble the information based on several experimental and clinical reports on immunomodulating role of Keywords : Tinospora cordifolia, Guduchi, Stem extract, Immunomodulatory

Ginger is the rhizome of the plant In ayurveda, it is referred as “vishwabheshaja” which means the universal medicine, can be given to anyone living in this world and it would be suited to all. In addition to its culinary use ginger also possess medicinal property by bioactive components present in them. Ginger can be used in its fresh, dried, powdered, oil and syrup forms. Ginger is an herbal remedy and reported to possess strong anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-microbial and other activities. The present review is conducted to evaluate cardioprotective effect of ginger. Ginger was found effective in combating cardiovascular disease such as hypertension, obesity, atherosclerosis by changing lipid profile. Keywords: Ginger, zingiber officinale, CVD, hypotensive effect, obesity, atherosclerosis

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is being referred as Type-3-Diabetes (T3D) as both have similar molecular and cellular features but it’s still in a debate. Progression of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is called AD. AD is also called “diabetes of the brain”.Insulin degrading enzyme (IDE) is very important in the shift of T2DM to T3D. Biochemical and molecular abnormalities of AD are mitochondrial dysfunction, chronic oxidative stress, amyloid-β deposits, neurofibrillary tangles, cell loss, dystrophic neurites, increased activation of signalling pathways and pro-death genes. This review aims to explain all these structural and molecular similarities between T3D and AD. Keywords: Type 3 Diabetes (T3D), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)

Inflammation happens when a physical factor triggers an immune reaction. When not treated it begins to contribute to several chronic diseases and lead to tissue breakdown and impairment of the immune system. Cinnamon is a popular spice often used to flavor baked treats. Studies have shown that the spice has anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, antioxidant, anti-diabetic and many other activities. The present review is conducted to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of various cinnamon species which can ease swelling and prevent inflammatory diseases. It was found effective in which its chemical constituents present in cinnamon is mainly responsible for anti-inflammatory property of the spice. Keywords: Cinnamon, Cinnamomum verum, Anti­inflammatory activity, Vernacular names

Nephrotoxicity is one of the most common kidney disorders which occurs when the body is exposed to accumulation of drug or toxin and not able to excrete. A number of therapeutic drugs such as antibiotics, chemotherapeutic agents etc., can weaken the kidney function resulting in acute renal failure, chronic interstitial nephritis, impair the renal function and may also lead to toxicity. The phytochemical review of the plant reveals the presence of many bioactive compounds such as sesquiterpenoids, flavonoids, phenols, steroids and alkaloids with different biological activities. These compounds possess potent nephroprotective properties. The extracts of the plants reviewed exhibited significant dose-dependent nephroprotective and nephron-curative activity. Keywords: Boerhavia diffusa, B diffusa, Punarnava, Nephroprotective, Nephrotoxicity, Renal injury, Urinary stone, induced toxicity

Immunomodulators are being used to revive immune imbalance which helps in preventing and healing many diseases. Phyllanthus niruri (P. niruri) which is commonly called as stone breaker is widely distributed in tropical areas and known for its various ethnomedicinal and pharmacological effects. P. niruri is intensively being studied for its immunomodulating effects because of its wide-ranging uses in treating diseases related to immune system in indigenous medicine by scientifically studying and evaluating it in various clinical trials for the treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis, chronic Hepatitis- B, Varicella-Zoster and Vaginitis infection. In such diseases, effective immune system is essential for curing the disease and elimination of the pathogens. It has proved for its ability to modulate and activate the immune system through clinical studies. Keywords: Phyllanthus niruri (P niruri), immunomodulatory, IFN­, DTH

Boerhavia diffusa is also known as Punarnava in Ayurveda, which is widely spread during warmer climate throughout the India and other countries. 6 species are available in India of which B. diffusa is one among them. In Ayurveda this plant is used for so many diseases like liver, kidney, heart, diseases. Also it cures different types of cancers caused by different mechanisms. It is also used as antimicrobial, it also deals with other properties. All these properties are due to different essential phytochemical components. Here in this review we have discussed, hepatoprotective activity property of developing protection against injuries, toxicity and other mode which put liver into dangerous condition/ toxicity. Keywords: Boerhavia diffusa, Punarnava, Hepato protective activity, Boerhavia diffusa extract [BDE] hepatotoxicity.

Phyllanthus niruri Linnaus (Euphorbiaceae) also known as Chanka piedra is widely grown and used throughout the tropical and subtropical countries of the world. In India it is present in the coastal areas. It is an annual herb and field weed having very short life. Phyllanthus comprises of 600-700 species with minor distinguishing features among them. In Indian ayurvedic system, plant extract of P. niruri is used as a medicine for asthma, bronchitis, anemia, leprosy, etc., As mentioned in the book Charaka Samhita P. niruri is used as an effective treatment for stimulating liver, improving digestion, to increase appetite and produce laxative effects. Phyllanthus niruri is a traditional herb with long-standing Ayurvedic, Chinese and Malay ethnomedical records and antimicrobial activity. Antimicrobial activity refers to the process of killing or inhibiting the disease causing microbes. Methanolic extract of P. niruri is an effective antibacterial agent to treat bacterial infections since the extract exhibited significant antimicrobial potency. The alcoholic extract of leaves of Phyllanthus niruri shows significant antibacterial activity against cariogenic organisms. The anti microbial activity of aqueous extract is found to be more effective than the acetone extract of Phyllanthus niruri against pathogens responsible for common infections of skin, respiratory, urinary and gastro-intestinal tracts. Keywords: Phyllanthus niruri. Chanka piedra, Antimicrobial, Antiviral, Antibacterial, Herb.

Neurological outcomes like learning, memory and cognition are influenced by the gut microbiota (GM). These commensal GM modulates behavior and brain development and has implications in many neurological disorders like Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease (PD), anxiety, stress, multiple sclerosis, etc. PD is a neurodegenerative disease which causes dysbiosis, a-synucleinopathy and affects the gut-brain axis which includes CNS (Central nervous system), ANS (Autonomic nervous system) and ENS (Enteric nervous system). There is a bidirectional communication between the brain and the gut called “gut microbiota-brain axis (GMBA)” and its dysfunction causes numerous diseases. This review focuses on the inter-relationship between the gut microbiome and the Parkinson’s disease. Keywords: Parkinson’s disease (PD) gut microbiota (GM)  gut microbiota-brain axis (GMBA) cytokine response toll-like receptors.

Ghee is identified as valuable natural source of food which has several health benefits entirely beneficial to the human population. It is one of the popular ingredients in the Indian diet and takes prevalent position in the dairy industry market. The focus of the present review paper is the demonstrated and potential health benefits associated with the consumption of ghee. Consumption of ghee in an adequate amount, imparts various health benefits such as binds toxins, enhances complexion and glow of the face and body, an amazing rejuvenator for the eyes, increases physical and intellectual stamina etc. in addition to imparting sustaining energy. Keywords: Ghee clarified butter conjugated linoleic acid cardiovascular health wound healing Ayurveda.

Flax seeds are one of the potential oil seeds packed with excellent amount of nutrition and possess various health benefits. Interestingly, flax seeds’ health benefits are mainly attributed to the omega-3 fatty acids, lignans and fiber they contain. It is used in different forms, such as whole and flour. The flour is used in bakery products and provides nutty flavour, nutritional and health benefits of the final product. Consumption of this oil seed may lower both total and LDL cholesterol because of its low content of saturated fat, high PUFA and phytosterol content. Processing of flax seeds makes its nutrients are bioavailable. In this review, nutrition composition and the health benefits of the flaxseed has been discussed. Keywords: Flax seeds, Linseed, Linum usitatissimmun, Hypocholesterolemic alpha linoleic acid.

Centella Asiatica is a medicinal herb in family Commonly known as Brahmi, Gotu kola, Ondelaga, Indian pennywort and found in swampy areas and temperate regions. It has many pharmacological properties like anticancer, antidiabetic, immunity booster, memory enhancer, wound healing, anticancer, neuroprotective. All extracts of facilitate the wound healingprocess in both incision and burn wounds by inhibiting inflammation, inducing collagen synthesis, inducing vasodilation and promoting angiogenesisThis review aimed to explore the wound healing activity of, the botanical description, phytochemistry, traditional uses are included in this review. Keywords: Centella asiatica, Wound healing, Angiogenesis, Collagen synthesis

Background: Buckwheat is one of the pseudo cereals, which goes by the scientific name The Buckwheat has many medicinal properties, it reduces Gastro-intestinal disorder and it also helps to reduce diabetes because of its low glycemic index. Papad is a traditional savory food also known as appalam, papadam, is a popular tasty food item in Indian dietary science. Objective: In this study buckwheat papad was prepared by using different concentrations of buckwheat with the replacement of rice (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100%) and labeled as B1, B2, B3, B4, B5 and B6. Materials and Methods: These formulations were analyzed for sensory attributes (n=30) by semi-trained panelists. Proximate analysis was carried out using standard A.O.A.C. methods. When the papad was evaluated for its sensory attributes, it was observed that the incorporation of buckwheat of 40% showed similar acceptability on par with control, whereas 80 and 100% replacement had lower scores in terms of overall acceptability. Papad prepared with 40% replacement of buckwheat was used for nutritional analysis, which was rich in protein, fiber, & minerals like, calcium, and iron content when compared to the control. Better nutritional profile of pseudo cereal papad makes it superior compared to traditional rice papad. Keywords: Papad, Buckwheat, Low glycemic index, Pseudo cereal

Background: Kodo millet () belongs to the family Poaceae. Mathri is a Rajasthani snack, a kind of flaky biscuit and also called as mathiya or mathari. A snack food refers to sweet, spicy or salty, ready to eat foods and generally include items such as chips/crisps. It is ready to eat snack generally made by wheat flour, ajwain, salt, refined oil and water. Objective: In this study Kodo millet Mathri was prepared by using Kodo millet flour with the partial replacement of wheat flour. Six formulations K1, K2, K3, K4, K5 and K6 containing different composition of Kodo millet flour [0%,20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%] was developed. Materials and Methods: These formulations were analyzed for sensory attributes (n=20) by semi-trained panelists. Proximate analysis was carried out using standard A.O.A.C. methods. The sensory score was highest for K3 (40%) and its overall acceptability was good. Mathri prepared with K3 (40%) Kodo millet flour was rich in fiber and minerals like, calcium, and phosphorus content on par with the control. Conclusion: When compared to control, the selected Kodo millet Mathri was superior nutritionally and being gluten free makes it delicacy to be enjoyed by the people who are gluten intolerant. Keywords: Kodo millet, Mathri, Nutrition

Fagopyrum esculentuim is commonly known as buckwheat. It is a nutraceutical important crop belongs to the family polygonaceae that can exhibit potential health benefits with low gluten content, good source of minerals and nutrients. Mathri is the famous Rajasthani snack which is traditionally prepared with wheat flour, ajwain and salt. The present study was conducted to develop Mathri by partial replacement of wheat flour with buckwheat flour in variable proportions (BW1, BW2, BW3, BW4, BW5 and BW6). The sensory evaluation of Mathri was carried out with semi- trained panellists (n=30) by hedonic rating test resulted in the maximum acceptance level for BW3 (40%) variation. Whereas BW4 (60%) had moderate scores of acceptability. In the current scenario, the development of value added products has been increased in the market. Formulation of products with partial replacement of functional foods can bring considerable change in its nutritional profile. Thus, the formulation of mathri from partial replacement of wheat flour with buckwheat flour is an attempt to develop a food product which could also be a healthy choice as a snack superior to that of normally available mathri. Keywords: Mathri, Buckwheat, Pseudo­cereal, Gluten free