Kiranjeet Kaur

Abstract

Background: Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CoNS) have been recognized as an important agent of human infection since the past five decades. Significance of CoNS in human infection is increasing these days. CoNS are the indigenous flora of the skin and mucous membrane. They have long been considered as non pathogenic and were rarely reported to cause severe infections. However, as a result of the combination of increased use of intravascular devices and an increase in the number of hospitalized immunocompromised patients, CoNS have become the major cause of Nosocomial blood stream infections and they account for 9% of nosocomial infections. Purpose: This study has been done to identify clinically significant CoNS associated with different human infections and also study their antibiotic susceptibility pattern isolated from clinical samples. Materials and Methods : The present study was conducted in a teaching hospital of Punjab, India. A total 52 strains of CoNS isolated as a sole agent with a significant growth from various clinical samples were included in the study. The speciation of CoNS was done based gram staining, catalase test, coagulase test and VITEK – 2 Compact system. Results: Out of 52 sample, 61.5% is male and 38.5% female coming. The most common CoNS species isolated were S. hemolyticus 28(54%), S. epidermitidis 8(15%), S.hominis 8(15%) and 8(15%). Conclusions: The current study shown that pathogenic CoNS cause infection-related signs and symptoms. CoNS was discovered to be isolated from blood, urine, and pus, and S. hemolyticus, S. epidermitidis, S. homoinis, and S. saprophyticus were the most often found species in patients..   Keywords: Blood stream infection, Staphylococcus hemolyticus, Staphyloccus saprophyticus

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Abstract

Introduction: Healthcare associated pneumonia (HAP)is second most common HCAIs that occur in 27% critically ill patients. Eighty-six percent of HAP are associated with mechanical ventilation and termed as ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP). VAP due to multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii has also increased in recent past. Objective: To isolate and identify the bacterial pathogens in endotracheal tubes aspirates of ICUs patients and study their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. Materials and Methods: A prospective longitudinal study was conducted in the Microbiology laboratory of a tertiary care hospital over a period of six months after clearance from institutional Research Committee and Ethical Committee. All the samples of ETT secretions received in Clinical Microbiology lab from ICU patients and fulfilling the criteria for VAP were included in this study. Samples were processed as per standard protocol and organisms were identified on the basis of gram staining, colony characters and biochemical tests. Antibiotic sensitivity was performed by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method as per CLSI guidelines. Results: A total of 100 samples of ET secretions were collected and proceeded for culture. Out of 100 samples, 76 (76.0%) were positive for bacterial growth. Among 76 positive cultures, a total 80 bacterial isolates were obtained as some cultures were showing polymicrobial growth. Five (6.26%) isolates were Gram Positive bacteria and 75(93.7%) were Gram negative. The most frequent isolates were Acinetobacter baumannii 35(43.7%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae 25(31.2%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa 7(8.75%), Acinetbacter baumannii isolates were sensitive to colistin while resistant to ampicillin and amoxiclav. Klesiella pneumoniae isolates were sensitive to colistin and resistant to ampicillin, amoxiclav, ciprofloxacin, cefixime, piperacillin tazobactam. Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were sensitive to colistin while resistant to ampicillin, amoxiclav, ceftizidime and piperacillin tazobactam. Conclusion: In our study antimicrobial pattern of isolated bacteria shows multidrug resistant pathogens which are associated with VAP and limit therapeutic options. Keywords: Acenetobacterbaumanii, Antimicrobial resistance, Health care infections, Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP).

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Abstract

Background:Candida infections are increasing now a day due to various factors. Aims: The present study was carried out to study the speciation and antifungal susceptibility pattern of Candida isolated from blood and body fluids. Settings and Design: Blood and body fluids received in the mycology laboratory of Microbiology Department, AIMSR, over a period of six months were included. After microscopy, culture was done. The Candida spp. were diagnosed on the basis of colony characteristics, Gram staining and Germ tube testing and identification by Automated Vitek 2 system. Antifungal susceptibility testing was done by using YST08 cards. Results and Conclusions: A total of 735 samples received, 53 showed Candida spp. Maximum Candida spp. isolated from blood 23 (43.39%), followed by pleural fluid 14 (26.4%). C. albicans were 24(45.3%) followed by C. tropicalis 11(20.75%), C. glabrata 9(16.98%) C. parapsilosis 7(13.20%). Candida spp. were sensitive to Amphotericin B and resistant to Fluconazole. Keywords: Antifungal susceptibility, Candida albican, Germ tube test, Non albicans candida, Systemic Fungal infections

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