Sushama Dhonde

Abstract

Introduction: HbA1c is highly prognostic for long term diabetes related complications such as microalbuminuria. Albumin is one of the most commonly assessed clinical parameters in diabetic patients. Present study was aimed a) to estimate microalbuminuria, HbA1c, urinary creatinine and urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) in patients with type 2 DM and b) to find out the correlation of glycemic control with microalbuminuria and urinary creatinine. This work is extension of our previous work on microalbuminuria in type 2 DM. Materials and Methods: Patients with type 2 DM were involved in the study. Biochemical investigations like Blood sugar, Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), Urinary micro albumin and urinary creatinine were analyzed. Result: There was a significant difference in the values of all parameters i) between patients and normal standard values, ii) Among the three groups based on duration of diabetes. Significantly lower values of urinary creatinine (p Hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes is leading to lethal effects by damaging the kidney. Early detection and prevention of nephropathy in patients with type 2 DM will be possible by frequent and timely screening the patients for HbA1c, microalbuminuria, urinary creatinine and ACR. This will definitely help to reduce the mortality rate due to diabetic nephropathy and also the economic burden of society.   Keywords: Diabetes, Nephropathy, Microalbuminuria, HbA1c, Glycemic control.

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Abstract

Introduction: Adolescence age group has significant impact of advertizing industry for use of soft drink and junk food. Present study is aimed to find out the alteration in the bone markers in medical and dental students, who regularly consume soft drinks.  Materials and Methods: Students from our institute were divided (n = 200) in two groups. Group A – Students who consume 200 ml or less than 200 ml of soft drink in a week. Group B -Students consuming more than 200 ml of either ‘regular’ soft drink (B1) or ‘diet’ soft drink (B2) per day. Results: There is a significant decrease in the levels of bone density, calcium, phosphorous, vitamin D and increase in the activity of alkaline phosphatase in Group B2 than group A as well as B1. Conclusion: Diet soft drinks are consumed instead of regular soft drinks, the decrease in the pH due to phosphoric acid and aspartame; may lead to bone demineralization resulting into decreased bone density. Inhibition of 1alpha hydroxylase may get inhibited due to acid pH caused by phosphoric acid from soft drinks. These changes may lead to develop tendency of bone fractures in the future life. Keywords: Soft drinks, Bone density.

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