Shweta R Sharma

Introduction: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major cause of health care associated infections. It has natural resistance as well as acquired multidrug resistance to various antibiotics leading to increased morbidity and mortality, which lead to problematic condition and increased medical expenses. The main aim of this study was to study the resistance pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from samples received from surgical site infections and wound infections. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at Microbiology laboratory of Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Centre. Pus and wound swab samples were collected from surgical site infections (SSIs) and wound infections. Samples were cultured on MacConkey and Nutrient agar and incubated at 37?C aerobically. Identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was done by using conventional method and antibiotic sensitivity was determined with automated Vitek2 compact system. Results: From January 2021 to November 2021 during this study period, out of 117 positive samples 32 (27.35%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated. The susceptibility pattern showed the organism to be most commonly susceptible to Colistin, Doripenem, followed by Piperacillin/Tazobactam, Imipenem, Amikacin, and was less susceptible to Ciprofloxacin, Ceftazidime. Conclusion: Presences of multidrug resistance strains have raised significant concern and judicious use of antibiotics is the only option to reduce drug resistance and preventing resistance against reserve antibiotics.   Keywords: Antibiotic sensitivity Pattern, P aeruginosa, SSIs

Introduction: Acinetobacter spp. are found in moist natural environment and hospital settings. In ICU Acinetobacter spp. is the most common cause of Respiratory tract infection. Acinetobacter spp. has evolved from a minor infection to one of the most virulent and multidrug-resistant, pathogens in intensive care units. Overuses of the antibiotics patients drug resistant pattern are increase and immune compromise patient are not recover early. This research will help in better infection control and a better knowledge of antibiotic resistance patterns in our area. The aim and objective of this study is isolation of Acinetobacter spp. and its antimicrobial resistance pattern in all lower respiratory samples from ICU. Materials and Methods: All lower respiratory samples were collected (Sputum, BAL, ET etc.) samples was inoculated on MacConkey and blood agar. At 37 degrees Celsius, culture plates were incubated aerobically for 24 hours. Gram staining and biochemical test were used to identify the Acinetobacter species. All species was isolate further processed on the basis of AST by automated through vitek2 compact. Result: Among 151 samples, 71 (47.01%) were culture positive. Acinetobacter spp. was isolated in 31 (43.66%). The number and percentage of Acinetobacter in various clinical sample were sputum 14 (45.20%), ET 12 (38.70%), pleural fluid 3 (9.60%), BAL 2 (6.50%). The strains showed maximum resistance to Ampicillin (100%) and pipracilline\tazobactum (94.0%), Ceftazidime (86%) followed by gentamycin (77%), Ciprofloxacin (72%). All the strains were sensitive to colistin and Polymyxin B (100%). Conclusion: The rise of resistant Acinetobacter infection strains has resulted in fewer treatment choices. Because of the limited therapeutic options, infection prevention and control methods, including not only standard measures but also antibiotic management strategies in the ICU, are important.   Keywords: Acinetobacter, ICU’s, AST pattern

Introduction: The Group A beta hemolytic streptococcus has remained a major human infective agent for hundreds of years. Group 'A' beta hemolytic streptococcus related ailment and sequelae keep on affecting general public and national economy as they mostly influence kids and youthful grown-ups. Current research aimed to determination of anti-streptolysin –o titer in suspected cases of streptococcal infection. Objectives : Determination of anti-Streptolysin-O (ASO) titer in suspected cases of streptococcal infection. Materials and Methods: The measurement of ASO levels was done by semi-quantitative analyzer analyzer on photometric and colorimetric systems. 107 blood samples were taken in our study. This study was conduct in serological section of microbiology department of Teerthanker Mahaveer Hospital & research centre Moradabad. Results: A total 107 samples were tested in this study. Of these, 23(21.5%) were found to be positive for the presence of ASO having titre of >200IU/mL. Conclusion: This study will be useful to evaluate utility of sero-diagnosis in our catering population and found useful in early diagnosis and treatment of these pathogens. Treatment can be initiated at an early stage leading to reduction in complications and associated mortality.   Keywords: Rheumatic fever, Streptococcus, Rheumatic heart disease, Glomerulonephrits

Introduction: Hepatitis is a universal concept that mean inflammation of the liver and infection with 1 of the 5 viruses called hepatitis A, B, C, D and E viruses is the almost common cause. The 5 viral cause’s hepatitis-B infection is the worldly almost common hepatic infection, which is cause by hepatitis-B (HBV). HBV is a DNA virus. It is 42–47 nm in diameter and enters the liver through with blood stream. HBV is highly contagious and is 60–100 times more than HIV. It is transmissible throughly with blood cell and all body fluid or mucosa membranous. It is transmitted almost normally by unsafe physical sexual contact, contaminated blood transfusions and unsterilized use needles from mother to baby, close household touch and in the midst of children in early childhood. Aim & Objective: Study of occurrence of HBeAg among Hepatitis- B surface antigen positive cases; 1. Identification of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen positive cases; 2. Occurrence of HBeAg among Hepatitis- B surface antigen positive cases. Material and Methods: 5ml blood was collected from anterior cubital vein by Venipuncture from recruited patient. Samples were collected after proper consent and aseptic precautions. Then every blood sample was transfer overhead a tagged tube plane vial Observation & Result: The study was conducted in Department of Microbiology, Teerthanker Mahaveer Hospital. Blood sample from 106 patients including both male and female were collected from various department of the Hospital for the analysis purpose. Out of them, 38 (36%) cases were HBeAg positive and 68 (64%) cases were HBeAg negative Conclusion : The result of our study put up valuable information and connection in HBeAg positive cases. In this little sample size 106 analysis of the patients at Uttar Pradesh Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College, the prevalence of HBeAg (positive results) in the department of medical microbiology, while the negative result is 68(64%).Males 29(76%) were more affected by the HBV (HBeAg) infection as compare to Female 9(24%).An important preventive measure is the screening for HBV in blood donors. Hepatitis-B related chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma are best prevented by universal childhood immunization. In non-infected people, HBV infection can be avoided by HBV vaccination.Injections Sequence 3 at 0, 1 and 6 months. In over 90% of recipients vaccination is successful.   Keywords: Fever, Headache, Jaundice, Abdominal pain, Vomiting, Fatigue, Joint pain, Nausea

Introduction: FUO/ PUO (Fever/Pyrexia of Unknown Origin) is referred to when temperature is observed above 38.30C (1010F) on many occasions over a period of > 3 weeks and unable to diagnose despite 1week of thorough investigations. Different studies reported diagnosis of malaria in 5 to 50% cases; leptospirosis in 3 to 10% cases and influenza in 8 to 12% cases Dengue fever and malaria are arthropod born diseases and endemic in many parts of India during the monsoon season. Leptospirosis and scrub typhus are zoonotic infections and are widely prevalent in areas with heavy monsoon and agrarian way of life. Aim: To evaluate the study of various Rickettsia infections in patients suffering from Fever Of Unknown Origin. Objectives: To understand the occurrence of infections caused by rickettsial species in suspected cases of FUO. To increase awareness and clinical suspicion among doctors for these infections. Materials and Methods: The assay was performed using P.vulgaris OX19, OX2, OXK strains according to manufacture’s instructions by tube method. Serum will be diluted from 1/20 to 1/640 titer. A singleWeil Felix titer of >1:160 or fourfold rise in titers on repeat testing starting from 1:40 will be accepted as a positive result. Result: A total 100 cases were including in my study in which 28 cases were positive. Out of 28 positive rickettsial samples, females were 17 and males were 11. Spotted Fever(9), Endemic Fever(8), Epidemic Fever(7), Scrub Typhus Fever(4). Conclusion: With the growing number of cases detected in India, scrub typhus is fast emerging as a public health threat and also due to limited diagnostics leading to underreporting, Weil Felix test could be used in adjunct with Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and blood parameters in the diagnosis of rickettsial diseases. Keywords: Fever/Pyrexia of unknown Origin, (FUO/PUO), Spotted fever, Endemic fever, Epidemic fever, Scrub typhus fever, Weil felix.

Background: Brucellosis is the most common bacterial zoonotic disease worldwide.It is mainly occupational disease reported in farmers, slaughter house workers, animal handlers and meat inspectors. This disease is endemic in many parts of Asia, including India. Brucellosis is an important, but neglected major cause of pyrexia of unknown origin(PUO). Diagnosis of brucellosis is difficult. Hence the medical and laboratory staff needs to be alert to recognize this condition. Objective: To assess the possible risk factors associated with human brucellosis.To study frequency of human brucellosis in relation to occupation, age and sex. Materials and Methods: From September (2018) to November (2019) 102 Serum samples of PUO cases were analysed for brucellosis. All serum samples were analysed by slide agglutination method using standard specific brucella antigen. Result: We observed that human brucellosis is present in PUO patients. The total number of brucellosis positive cases were found to be 14 (13.72%) out of 102 PUO cases. Among positive cases, males were 8 (57.14%) and females were 6(42.85%). Highest brucellosis positive cases were seen in age-group between 15-30 years 6(42.85%) followed by 31-45 years 5(35.71%), 46-60 years 2(14.28%) &>60 1(7.14%) in PUO patients. Conclusion: With the growing number of brucellosis cases detected in India. Brucellosis is the fast emerging as a public health threat and also due to limited diagnostics leading to underreporting. The study also highlights the innovative and cost effective methods for rapid and early reporting and ruling out brucellosis in PUO cases. Keywords: PUO, Brucellosis, Agglutination, Prevalence.