Nilesh T Shah

Background: Anaemia is a major global health problem; it results in significant morbidity and mortality among children Materials and Method: 85 children below 12 years having anaemia were studied. Complete blood count was done to determine PCV, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW, Hb %, along with Peripheral smear (PS) study, Reticulocyte count and Serum iron (Fe), Serum B and Folic acid levels were done Results: Types of anaemia were 50(58.8%) Iron deficiency anaemia, 12(14.1%) Thalassemia, 8 (9.41%) Megaloblastic anaemia, 7(8.23%) Anaemia of acute haemorrhage, 5 (5.88%) Sickle cell anaemia, 2(2.35%) Aplastic anaemia, 1(1.17%) Leukemia. The clinical manifestations were 85 (100%) pallor, 71(83.5%) weakness and fatigability, 32(37.6%) fever, 23(27.05%) 17(20%) shortness of breath, 15(17.6%) hepatomegaly, 12(14.1%) cough, 11(12.9%) history of pica, 11 (12.9%) spleenomegaly, 9(10.5%) petechiae, 8(9.4%) Nausea/vomiting, 8(9.4%) koilonychia, 4(4.7%) hyper pigmentation, 5(5.8%) tremors. Out of the total number of patients screened 18(21.1%) had mild, 39(45.8%) moderate and 28(32.9%) had severe anaemia. Conclusion: The present study of anaemia had Iron deficiency as the major cause followed by Thalassemia, Megaloblastic anaemia, acute Haemorrhage, Sickle cell anaemia and Aplastic anaemia. This study will be helpful to paediatricians to treat such patients efficiently to avoid morbidity and mortality.   Keywords: Haemoglobin, Iron deficiency, Thalassemia, Serum Fe, Serum B 12

2hrs old female, delivered at 38 weeks of gestation with abdominal distension with antenatal Ultrasound suggestive of 12*6 cm cystic mass in lower abdomen, mild hydronephrosis, Bilateral Renal pyelectesis. On examination she had lower abdominal distension, vulval oedema, lower limb oedema and also all four limb polydactyly. Post-natal Ultrasound examination revealed the presence of hypoechoic and corpusculated 12*6 cm cystic lesion in the midline with thick wall in continuity with vagina suggestive of Large hydrometracolpos with bilateral mild hydronephrosis, both ovaries not visualised. Hysteroscopic examination showed obstruction due to imporforated hymen and narrowing at level of cervix and very thick mucoid secretion was found and drainage of about 100ml milky thick mucoid collection under USG guidance was done. 2DEcho was normal. According to these physical features, baby is likely to have McKusick-Kaufman syndrome. Keywords: Congenital hydrometrocolpos, Pelvic mass, Hydronephrosis, Polyductyly.