Authors : Almoeiz Y Hammad
DOI : 10.5005/jp-journals-10054-0333
Volume : 30
Issue : 2
Year : 2026
Page No : 201-206
Background: The global use of antioxidant supplements is widespread, yet evidence of their efficacy for chronic disease prevention is mixed. Despite this, there is a significant lack of data on public knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding these supplements in Sudan. This study assessed the KAP toward antioxidant supplements among adults in the Red Sea State, Sudan. Methodology: A cross-sectional, interviewer-administered survey was conducted with 1,459 participants from five major localities (Halaib, Suakin, Port Sudan, Tokar, and Sinkat) using a non-probabilistic convenience sampling method. The questionnaire captured sociodemographics, knowledge (via 6 True/False items), attitudes (five-point Likert scale), and self-reported practices, including supplement use, consultation patterns, and side effects. Descriptive and inferential statistics [Chi-square tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA)] were applied to analyze the data. Results: Of the 1,459 participants, 58.19% were male, with a near-equal urban-rural distribution (47.22 vs 52.78%). The overall prevalence of antioxidant supplement use was 40.03%. There was no significant gender difference in use (p = 0.923). Use was significantly associated with higher educational level (p < 0.001), higher income (p < 0.001), and older age (mean 47.89 vs 44.23 years, p < 0.001). Overall knowledge was moderate, with a strong positive correlation between higher education and better knowledge scores (p < 0.001). Among supplement users, 37.33% reported experiencing side effects. Pharmacists were the most consulted professionals (39.21%), and consultation with a pharmacist was associated with the highest rate of reported side effects (45.85%, p = 0.032). Significant geographic disparities in knowledge were observed across cities (p = 0.045). Conclusion: Antioxidant supplement use in this Sudanese population is influenced by socioeconomic factors like education and income, and is accompanied by a high rate of self-reported side effects. Pharmacists are the primary source of advice, highlighting their critical but potentially under-informed role. These findings underscore the need for targeted public health education, enhanced professional training for pharmacists, and equitable access to evidence-based information. Keywords: Antioxidant supplements, Dietary supplements, Knowledge, attitudes, and practices, Pharmacist consultation, Red Sea State, Sudan.