A Perspective Review on Animal Coronaviruses: From Infection Insights to Preventive Measures and Antiviral Advancements
Abstract:
Animal coronaviruses (CoVs) have emerged as significant pathogens with considerable
implications for both animal and human health. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the
origins, transmission dynamics, and pathogenic mechanisms of animal CoVs. We examine the viral
entry, replication processes, and immune evasion strategies that enable CoVs to infect a variety of
host species. Additionally, the review highlights recent advancements in prevention and therapeutic
strategies, including the development of species-specific vaccines, enhanced biosecurity measures,
and surveillance systems aimed at controlling zoonotic spillover. Furthermore, we discuss the latest
antiviral strategies, including repurposed drugs, targeted molecular therapies, and the development of
novel antiviral agents. This review emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary research in
advancing our understanding of animal CoVs and in developing effective interventions to mitigate
their impact on global health.
Animal coronaviruses (CoVs) have emerged as significant pathogens with considerable
implications for both animal and human health. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the
origins, transmission dynamics, and pathogenic mechanisms of animal CoVs. We examine the viral
entry, replication processes, and immune evasion strategies that enable CoVs to infect a variety of
host species. Additionally, the review highlights recent advancements in prevention and therapeutic
strategies, including the development of species-specific vaccines, enhanced biosecurity measures,
and surveillance systems aimed at controlling zoonotic spillover. Furthermore, we discuss the latest
antiviral strategies, including repurposed drugs, targeted molecular therapies, and the development of
novel antiviral agents. This review emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary research in
advancing our understanding of animal CoVs and in developing effective interventions to mitigate
their impact on global health.