Authors : Jayita Das, Jiaul Ahmed Mazumder, Md Ikbal Husain, Rupajit Bhattacharjee, Subrata Das, Priyanka Majumde, Panchami Das , Paromita Dutta Choudhury and Bandana Das
Volume : 16
Issue : 93
Year : 2025
Page No : 104875 - 104888
Bioactive metabolites represent a diverse class of compounds derived from natural sources, offering significant therapeutic potential in addressing chronic diseases, antimicrobial resistanceand health optimization. This comprehensive review explores the origins, biological activities, extraction, purification and applications of these metabolites. Recent discoveries highlight novel metabolites, such as 2-furoic acid from endophytic fungi for nematocidal activity and streptoseomycin from marine bacteria for antibacterial effects, underscoring their role in drug development. Conventional extraction methods, including solvent-based techniques like maceration and Soxhlet, are contrasted with advanced green approaches such as supercritical fluid extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction and microwave-assisted extraction, which enhance yield, sustainability, and purity while minimizing environmental impact. Purification strategies, encompassing high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography and ion-exchange chromatography, ensure high-purity isolates for pharmaceutical and biotechnological uses. Factors influencing efficiency, such as solvent polarity, temperature, matrix characteristics, and optimization tools like response surface methodology are critically analyzed. The global market for bioactive metabolites, valued at USD 40 billion in 2022 and projected to reach USD 55 billion by 2028, is driven by rising chronic illnesses and biotechnological advancements. This review emphasizes the need for sustainable sourcing and innovative technologies to harness these compounds for safer therapeutics, nutraceuticals, and cosmetics, bridging traditional knowledge with modern science for improved human wellness